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首页> 外文期刊>Eurasian Soil Science >Chemical contamination and transformation of soils in hydrocarbon production regions
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Chemical contamination and transformation of soils in hydrocarbon production regions

机译：碳氢化合物生产区的化学污染和土壤转化

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摘要

The current concepts of soil pollution and transformation in the regions of hydrocarbon production have been reviewed. The development of an oil field creates extreme conditions for pedogenesis. Tendencies in the radial migration, spatial distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pollutants (oil, oil products, and attendant heavy metals) in soils of different bioclimatic zones have been analyzed. The radial and lateral mobility of pollution halos is a universal tendency in the technogenic transformation of soils and soil cover in the regions of hydrocarbon production. The biodegradation time of different hydrocarbon compounds strongly varies under different landscape conditions, from several months to several tens of years. The transformation of original (mineral and organic) soils to their technogenic modifications (mechanically disturbed, chemically contaminated, and chemo soils and chemozems) occurs in the impact zone of technogenic hydrocarbon fluxes under any physiographical conditions. The integrated use of the existing methods for the determination of the total content and qualitative composition of bituminous substances and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in combination with the chromatographic determination of normal alkanes and hydrocarbon gases, as well as innovative methods of studies, allows revealing new processes and genetic relationships in soils and studying the functioning of soils and soil cover. The study of the hydrocarbon contamination of soils is important for development of restoration measures and lays the groundwork for the ecological and hygienic regulation based on the zonation of soil and landscape resistance to different pollutants.
机译：综述了目前碳氢化合物生产地区土壤污染和转化的概念。油田的发展为成岩作用创造了极端条件。分析了不同生物气候区土壤中污染物（油，油产品和伴随的重金属）的径向迁移，空间分布，新陈代谢和积累的趋势。污染晕的径向和横向迁移是碳氢化合物生产地区土壤和覆盖物技术转化的普遍趋势。在不同的景观条件下，不同碳氢化合物的生物降解时间差异很大，从几个月到几十年不等。在任何生理条件下，原始（矿物和有机）土壤向其技术改造（机械扰动，化学污染以及化学土壤和化学物质）的转化都发生在技术烃通量的影响区。结合使用现有方法来测定沥青质和聚芳烃的总含量和定性组成，并结合常规烷烃和烃气的色谱测定方法以及创新的研究方法，可以揭示新的工艺和遗传在土壤中的关系和研究土壤和土壤覆盖物的功能。对土壤碳氢化合物污染的研究对制定恢复措施具有重要意义，并为土壤和景观对不同污染物的抵抗力奠定了基础，为生态和卫生调控奠定了基础。

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