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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of clinical nutrition >Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly.
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Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly.

机译：体重和体重变化及其对老年人的健康影响。

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After the age of 60 y, body weight on average tends to decrease. The contribution of fat mass to this weight loss is relatively small, but fat tends to be redistributed with advancing age toward more abdominal (particularly visceral) fat. Anthropometric data are relatively poor indicators of these aging processes. This may be one of the explanations why the relationship between high body mass index and mortality is less pronounced in older than in younger people. Reduced lipolysis in the visceral fat depot with aging is among potential explanations why increased visceral fat seems to be less harmful in elderly subjects compared to young adults. Even though the relative contribution of increased fat mass to mortality may be less pronounced in elderly people, the impact on disability and functional limitations is found to be important from both a clinical and a public health point of view. At the other end of the scale studies have shown that low body mass index and weight loss in the elderly are both strong predictors of subsequent mortality. This cannot be explained by effects of smoking and early mortality after baseline. There are only few systematic studies comparing the predictive validity of different anthropometric data for mortality. One recent prospective study showed that a high waist circumference (in nonsmoking men) may be a better predictor of all-cause mortality than high body mass index and waist/hip ratio. Low BMI was a better predictor of mortality than low waist circumference. In conclusion changes in body composition and fat distribution with aging are poorly captured by standard anthropometric data. Low lean body mass is probably better reflected by low BMI, whereas increased (abdominal) fatness is better reflected by increased waist circumference.
机译：在60岁以后，平均体重有下降的趋势。脂肪量对该体重减轻的贡献相对较小，但是随着年龄的增长，脂肪倾向于重新分配给更多的腹部（尤其是内脏）脂肪。人体测量数据是这些衰老过程的相对较差的指标。这可能是为什么老年人的高体重指数与死亡率之间的关系不如年轻人那么明显的解释之一。随着年龄的增长，内脏脂肪储库中的脂解作用降低是可能的解释，为什么与年轻人相比，老年患者内脏脂肪增加的危害似乎较小。尽管在老年人中脂肪量增加对死亡率的相对贡献可能不太明显，但从临床和公共卫生的观点来看，对残疾和功能限制的影响仍然很重要。在量表的另一端，研究表明，老年人的低体重指数和体重减轻是随后死亡率的有力预测指标。这不能用基线后吸烟和早期死亡率的影响来解释。只有很少的系统研究比较不同人体测量数据对死亡率的预测有效性。最近的一项前瞻性研究表明，与较高的体重指数和腰臀比率相比，高腰围（在非吸烟男性中）可能是更好的全因死亡率预测指标。与低腰围相比，低BMI可以更好地预测死亡率。总之，标准的人体测量数据无法很好地反映出随着年龄的增长，人体成分和脂肪分布的变化。较低的BMI可能更好地反映了低体重，而腰围增加则更好地反映了（腹部）肥胖。

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