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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of clinical nutrition >Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe--Southern Europe.
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Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe--Southern Europe.

机译：欧洲-南欧青少年的饮食习惯和营养状况。

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摘要

A literature review of the data on dietary habits, food consumption and nutritional status of adolescents of Southern European countries was performed. Snacking seems to be less frequent and the frequency of eating out in fast food restaurants is much lower than in the USA and in some Nordic Countries. A nutrient pattern rich in total fat (around 40% of the energy intake), in saturated fatty acids (around 13% of the energy intake) and mainly in monounsaturated fatty acids (17-19% of the energy intake), due to a high consumption of olive oil, is often observed in Spanish and Greek adolescents. In Portugal, the percentage of the energy provided by fat is relatively low (31-33% of the energy intake) and in Italy the situation is intermediate regarding total fat, but the intake of olive oil is also high. This means that two important characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, a low consumption of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of carbohydrates have been lost. Regarding micronutrients, there seems to exist a risk of deficiency, particularly for calcium, iron and zinc. The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high, around 15-25%, being higher than in the Nordic countries but lower than in the USA. There is no clear indication of trends, due to the different methods and criteria used to define obesity. The serum cholesterol levels of adolescents has increased during the last two decades in Spain, Greece and Italy, and nowadays are similar to those in the USA, but still lower than in the Nordic countries. In Portuguese adolescents, the cholesterol levels seem to be lower, but the situation is not well known.
机译：对南欧国家青少年饮食习惯，食物消耗和营养状况的数据进行了文献综述。零食的频率似乎较低，快餐店外出就餐的频率远低于美国和一些北欧国家。富含总脂肪（约占能量摄入量的40％），饱和脂肪酸（约占能量摄入量的13％）和主要是单不饱和脂肪酸（占能量摄入量的17-19％）的营养素。在西班牙和希腊青少年中经常观察到橄榄油的大量食用。在葡萄牙，脂肪提供的能量比例相对较低（占能量摄入量的31-33％），在意大利，总脂肪量处于中等水平，但橄榄油的摄入量也很高。这意味着已经失去了地中海饮食的两个重要特征，即饱和脂肪酸的低消耗量和碳水化合物的高摄入量。关于微量营养素，似乎存在缺乏的风险，特别是对于钙，铁和锌。超重/肥胖症的患病率很高，大约为15％至25％，高于北欧国家，但低于美国。由于用于定义肥胖症的方法和标准不同，因此没有明确的趋势指示。在过去的二十年中，西班牙，希腊和意大利的青少年血清胆固醇水平有所增加，如今与美国相似，但仍低于北欧国家。在葡萄牙青少年中，胆固醇水平似乎较低，但这种情况并不为人所知。

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