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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of clinical investigation >Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases.
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Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases.

机译：维生素D和钙缺乏症易患多种慢性疾病。

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摘要

There is evidence from both observational studies and clinical trials that calcium malnutrition and hypovitaminosis D are predisposing conditions for various common chronic diseases. In addition to skeletal disorders, calcium and vitamin D deficits increase the risk of malignancies, particularly of colon, breast and prostate gland, of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (e.g. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis), as well as of metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, hypertension). The aim of the present review was to provide improved understanding of the molecular and cellular processes by which deficits in calcium and vitamin D cause specific changes in cell and organ functions and thereby increase the risk for chronic diseases of different aetiology. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and extracellular Ca(++) are both key regulators of proliferation, differentiation and function at the cellular level. However, the efficiency of vitamin D receptor-mediated intracellular signalling is limited by the negative effects of hypovitaminosis D on extrarenal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity and thus on the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Calcium malnutrition eventually causes a decrease in calcium concentration in extracellular fluid compartments, resulting in organ-specific modulation of calcium-sensing receptor activity. Hence, attenuation of signal transduction from the ligand-activated vitamin D receptor and calcium-sensing receptor seems to be the prime mechanism by which calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies cause perturbation of cellular functions in bone, kidney, intestine, mammary and prostate glands, endocrine pancreas, vascular endothelium, and, importantly, in the immune system. The wide range of diseases associated with deficits in calcium and vitamin D in combination with the high prevalence of these conditions represents a special challenge for preventive medicine.
机译：从观察性研究和临床试验中都有证据表明，钙营养不良和维生素D缺乏是各种常见慢性疾病的诱因。除骨骼疾病外，钙和维生素D缺乏症还会增加罹患慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病（例如胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，炎症性肠病，多发性硬化症）的恶性肿瘤（尤其是结肠，乳腺和前列腺）的风险。如代谢紊乱（代谢综合征，高血压）。本综述的目的是提供对分子和细胞过程的更好的理解，钙和维生素D的缺乏会通过这些分子和细胞过程引起细胞和器官功能的特定变化，从而增加患有不同病因的慢性疾病的风险。 1,25-二羟基维生素D（3）和细胞外Ca（++）都是细胞水平上增殖，分化和功能的关键调节剂。但是，维生素D受体介导的细胞内信号传导的效率受到维生素A缺乏对肾外25-羟基维生素D-1α-羟化酶活性以及由此产生的1,25-二羟基维生素D（3）的负面影响所限制。钙营养不良最终导致细胞外液区室钙浓度降低，从而导致钙敏感受体活性的器官特异性调节。因此，配体激活的维生素D受体和钙敏感受体的信号转导减弱似乎是钙和维生素D功能不足引起骨骼，肾脏，肠，乳腺和前列腺，内分泌细胞功能紊乱的主要机制。胰腺，血管内皮，以及重要的是在免疫系统中。与钙和维生素D缺乏症相关的多种疾病以及这些疾病的高发率，代表了预防医学的特殊挑战。

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