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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of clinical nutrition >Body composition analysis in older adults with dementia. Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis: A critical review
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Body composition analysis in older adults with dementia. Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis: A critical review

机译：老年痴呆症患者的身体成分分析。人体测量学和生物电阻抗分析：重要评论

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摘要

In clinical practice, geriatric nutritional assessment usually includes nutritional screening, a simple anthropometric assessment, measurement of various biochemical parameters, such as serum albumin, and sometimes (not always) body composition analysis (BCA). However, there is a high prevalence of undiagnosed malnutrition in patients with dementia. Several factors contribute to this situation; probably, the most notable is the methodology used to assess body composition (BC). In this regard, for BCA, techniques are needed that are noninvasive, affordable, safe, simple and that require the minimum possible collaboration by the elderly patient. Consequently, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are widely used as indicators of overall and central adiposity, respectively; however, there is no consensus on the cutoffs for the elderly, and changes in BC (especially muscle-mass depletion) are masked by normal values of BMI and WC. Bioimpedance analysis is a simple, cost-effective and precise method for BCA, provided that cross-validated equations are used. Its main disadvantage is that it is highly sensitive to changes in body water (overhydration or dehydration), leading to substantial errors in BC estimates. However, using Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis errors are minimized, as there is no need for the subject to be normally hydrated and it does not require the use of predictive models.
机译：在临床实践中，老年营养评估通常包括营养筛查，简单的人体测量评估，各种生化参数（例如血清白蛋白）的测量，有时（并非总是）人体成分分析（BCA）。但是，痴呆患者中未诊断出的营养不良的患病率很高。有几种因素导致这种情况;可能最值得注意的是用于评估身体成分（BC）的方法。在这方面，对于BCA，需要无创，负担得起，安全，简单并且需要老年患者尽可能少的协作的技术。因此，体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）分别被广泛用作总体和中央肥胖的指标。然而，对于老年人的临界值尚无共识，并且BMI和WC的正常值掩盖了BC（尤其是肌肉质量消耗）的变化。只要使用交叉验证的方程式，生物阻抗分析是一种简单，经济高效且精确的BCA方法。它的主要缺点是它对人体水的变化（过度脱水或脱水）高度敏感，从而导致BC估算值出现重大误差。但是，使用生物电阻抗矢量分析可以将误差降到最低，因为不需要对受试者进行正常的水合作用，也不需要使用预测模型。

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