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Electrospinning: processing technique for tissue engineering scaffolding

机译：静电纺丝：组织工程支架的加工技术

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摘要

Electrospinning has attracted tremendous interest in the research community as a simple and versatile technique to produce synthetic polymeric ultrafine fibres with diameters ranging from a few micrometres to tens of nanometres. Recently, some natural origin polymers have also been successfully electrospun. Owing to their very small diameter, polymeric nanofibres exhibit unusual properties such as high specific surface area, flexibility in surface functionalities and superior mechanical properties. In addition, electrospun non-woven meshes could physically mimic the extracellular matrix structure of native tissues. These remarkable properties render electrospun nanofibres useful for many applications, particularly those related to the field of biomedical engineering. The first part of this review is intended to provide a fundamental survey of the electrospinning process (apparatus, governing parameters) and of recent improvements of the technique, including associated structural modifications of polymeric nanofibre meshes. The prospective tissue engineering/biomedical applications of electrospun polymeric nanofibres are then reviewed, namely, wound dressings, medical prostheses, drug delivery systems, DNA release and tissue engineering scaffolds. The essential properties of scaffolds in terms of the structural features of electrospun nanofibre meshes are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives for applications of electrospun nanofibres, particularly in the field of tissue engineering, are considered.
机译：电纺丝作为一种简单而通用的技术已引起了研究界的极大兴趣，该技术可生产直径范围从几微米到几十纳米的合成聚合物超细纤维。最近，一些天然来源的聚合物也已经成功地电纺。由于其非常小的直径，聚合物纳米纤维表现出不同寻常的性能，例如高比表面积，表面功能的柔韧性和优异的机械性能。另外，电纺非织造网可以物理模拟天然组织的细胞外基质结构。这些卓越的性能使电纺纳米纤维可用于许多应用，尤其是与生物医学工程领域有关的那些应用。这篇综述的第一部分旨在提供对静电纺丝工艺（设备，控制参数）以及该技术最近的改进（包括聚合物纳米纤维网的相关结构修饰）的基础研究。然后审查了电纺聚合物纳米纤维的预期组织工程/生物医学应用，即伤口敷料，医疗假体，药物递送系统，DNA释放和组织工程支架。根据电纺纳米纤维网的结构特征，讨论了支架的基本特性。最后，考虑了电纺纳米纤维的未来应用前景，特别是在组织工程领域。

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