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首页> 外文期刊>International Materials Reviews >Nanocrystallisation in oxyfluoride systems: mechanisms of crystallisation and photonic properties
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Nanocrystallisation in oxyfluoride systems: mechanisms of crystallisation and photonic properties

机译：氟氧化物系统中的纳米结晶：结晶和光子性质的机理

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摘要

Rare earth (RE) doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics possess interesting optical properties with applications in telecommunications and optoelectronics, such as solid state lasers, optical amplifiers, etc. These materials combine the transparency and mechanical and chemical resistance of aluminosilicate glasses with the low phonon energy and facile incorporation of RE ions in the fluoride crystals. The incorporation of RE ions in the crystalline phases enhances the laser emission intensity, a major property of these materials. Transparency is achieved when crystal size is in the nanometric scale, usually below 40 nm, which avoids light scattering. A strict control of the nucleation and crystal growth processes is therefore necessary which requires a deep knowledge of the crystallisation mechanisms. The great activity and publications in this field in the last decades merit a review providing a comparative study of the different nanoglass ceramic systems, their structural and optical characterisation and their main properties and applications. This is the objective of this review paper which includes 227 references. A general discussion on glass nucleation and crystallisation theories and more relevant crystallisation parameters and characterisation techniques are put forward in the first section of the review, focused on nanocrystallisation processes in oxyfluoride systems. In the second section, the principal RE doped glass ceramics are presented. After a general introduction about the luminescence processes, including up- and down-conversion, the behaviour of RE elements in glasses and crystals are discussed. Glass ceramic compositions have been divided as follows: glass ceramics with a glass composition following Wang and Ohwaki's oxyfluoride glass ceramic, and glass ceramics with different matrix compositions, arranged by crystalline phases. Relevant properties, mainly optical and laser, are described in each system along with the most relevant applications of these materials.
机译：掺杂稀土（RE）的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷具有有趣的光学特性，可用于电信和光电子领域，例如固态激光器，光放大器等。这些材料结合了铝硅酸盐玻璃的透明性，机械和化学耐性以及低声子能和在氟化物晶体中容易掺入RE离子。 RE离子在结晶相中的掺入提高了激光发射强度，这是这些材料的主要特性。当晶体尺寸为纳米级（通常低于40 nm）时，可以达到透明性，从而避免了光散射。因此，必须严格控制成核和晶体生长过程，这需要对结晶机理有深入的了解。近几十年来在该领域的巨大活动和出版物值得回顾，对不同的纳米玻璃陶瓷体系，其结构和光学特性及其主要特性和应用进行比较研究。这是本文的目的，其中包括227篇参考文献。在本综述的第一部分中，对玻璃成核和结晶理论以及更相关的结晶参数和表征技术进行了一般性讨论，重点讨论了氟氧化物体系中的纳米结晶过程。在第二部分中，介绍了主要的稀土掺杂玻璃陶瓷。在全面介绍了包括上转换和下转换的发光过程之后，讨论了稀土元素在玻璃和晶体中的行为。玻璃陶瓷成分的划分如下：具有跟随Wang和Ohwaki的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的玻璃成分的玻璃陶瓷，以及具有不同基体成分且由晶相排列的玻璃陶瓷。在每个系统中都描述了主要是光学和激光的相关特性，以及这些材料的最相关应用。

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