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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of forest research >Transgressive overyielding in mixed compared with pure stands of Norway spruce and European beech in Central Europe: evidence on stand level and explanation on individual tree level
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Transgressive overyielding in mixed compared with pure stands of Norway spruce and European beech in Central Europe: evidence on stand level and explanation on individual tree level

机译：与纯云母相比，挪威云杉和欧洲山毛榉在中欧地区的混合混作过高产：林分等级的证据和单棵树的解释

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The temperate, humid climate and nutrient-rich soils in the pre-alpine areas of southern Bavaria represent conditions where European beech and Norway spruce come out with rather equal above ground biomass production when cultivated in pure stands. In order to reveal the effect of mixture we established 37 experimental plots in even-aged pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce and European beech covering an age span of 37-155 years. The site conditions ranged from warm, dry and base-rich to cool, wet and acidic sites. The ratio of above ground biomass growth of Norway spruce in relation to European beech decreases from 1.14:1 in the monocultures to 1.04:1 in the mixed stands. The mixing of spruce and beech results in a mutual stimulation of biomass production and acceleration of size growth. Together both species produce up to 59% more above ground biomass than the neighboring pure stands. On average the overyielding amounts to 21% in the case of Norway spruce and 37% in the case of European beech. A total of 67% out of the plots indicate overyielding and 57% transgressive overyielding. In mixed stands both species' tree sizes are significantly ahead of the corresponding pure stands. Facilitation of spruce and competitive reduction of beech yields mutualism with respect to growth on tree and stand level. Consequences for analyzing and modeling interspecific competition and for silvicultural prescriptions are discussed. Ecological implications of the mixing effect on the occurrence and stability of natural and man-made mixed stands of spruce and beech are considered.
机译：巴伐利亚南部前高山地区的温带，湿润气候和营养丰富的土壤代表着欧洲山毛榉和挪威云杉在纯林中种植时，其地上生物量产量相当的条件。为了揭示混合物的影响，我们在挪威云杉和欧洲山毛榉的年龄均匀且纯净和混合的林分中建立了37个实验地块，年龄范围为37-155岁。现场条件从温暖，干燥和富含碱的位置到凉爽，潮湿和酸性的位置不等。挪威云杉相对于欧洲山毛榉的地上生物量增长比率从单一养殖的1.14：1降低到混合林的1.04：1。云杉和山毛榉的混合导致相互促进生物量的产生和大小增长的加速。两种物种共同产生的地上生物量比相邻的纯林地高出59％。平均而言，挪威云杉的高产达21％，欧洲山毛榉的高产达37％。总共67％的地块表示产量过高，而57％的人为越境生产。在混交林中，两种树的树大小都明显领先于相应的纯林。云杉的促进和山毛榉的竞争性减少在树木和林分生长方面产生了共生关系。讨论了分析和建模种间竞争和造林处方的后果。考虑了混合效应对云杉和山毛榉天然和人造混合林的发生和稳定性的生态影响。

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