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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of gastroenterology and hepatology >Defensins -- innate immunity at the epithelial frontier.
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Defensins -- innate immunity at the epithelial frontier.

机译：防御素-上皮边界的先天免疫

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Physical barrier function was formerly believed to play the major role in mucosal protection against luminal bacteria. This view has now been challenged by the discovery of specialized molecules that possess antimicrobial activity. More than 100 peptides have been identified so far, and the number is still growing. These peptides are distributed widely and conserved throughout phylogeny. The epithelial expression of antimicrobial peptides is of particular interest as many pathogens adhere to epithelial surfaces and may eventually invade the host. This rapidly acting defence system of innate immunity is already engaged before adoptive immune interactions take place. These antimicrobial peptides consist of constitutive and inducible forms, potentiating this barrier function in terms of an inflammatory response.One important subgroup of antimicrobial peptides is the family of defensins, which are classified as alpha (alpha-) and beta (beta-) defensins. Eight different peptides with varying antimicrobial properties have been identified. They are distributed widely in humans, and organ-specific expression patterns have been observed. Homologous peptides have been found in other mammals, vertebrates, invertebrates, insects and plants. The identification of alpha-defensins and their murine counterparts, cryptdins, in the small intestine prompted intensive research into epithelial antimicrobial defence.
机译：以前认为物理屏障功能在针对腔细菌的粘膜保护中起主要作用。现在，发现具有抗菌活性的专门分子已经挑战了这一观点。到目前为止，已经鉴定出100多种肽，并且数量还在不断增加。这些肽在整个系统发育中分布广泛且保守。抗微生物肽的上皮表达特别令人关注，因为许多病原体粘附在上皮表面上并可能最终侵入宿主。这种先天免疫的快速反应防御系统在过继免疫相互作用发生之前就已经参与了。这些抗菌肽由组成型和诱导型组成，可在炎症反应方面增强这种屏障功能。抗菌肽的一个重要亚组是防御素家族，防御素家族分为α（α-）和β（β-）防御素。已经鉴定出八种具有不同抗菌特性的不同肽。它们在人类中广泛分布，并且已经观察到器官特异性表达模式。在其他哺乳动物，脊椎动物，无脊椎动物，昆虫和植物中也发现了同源肽。在小肠中鉴定出α-防御素及其鼠类对应物cryptdins，促使人们对上皮抗菌素防御进行了深入研究。

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