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Human immunology: a case for the ascent of non-furry immunology.

机译：人体免疫学：非毛茸茸免疫学的一个案例。

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During the late 19th and early 20th century, tremendous progress was made in our understanding of human immune regulation with extensive studies on humoral and cellular immunity. Of particular interest was the development of the side-chain theory by Paul Ehrlich that led to the delineation of the mechanism of interaction between antigen and antibody. His contribution toward the understanding of humoral immune regulation was recognized by the award of a Nobel Prize in 1908, which he jointly shared with Elie Metchnikoff, founder of cellular immunology. In addition, some of the seminal studies carried out by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Walter Reed and many others also provided an important platform for the understanding of human immunity. However, this direct focus on human immunology was diverted in the 20th century with the development of inbred murine models. It is important to recognize that these models have provided major conceptual advances in areas, such as major histocompatibility complex-restricted recognition of virus-infected cells, identification of different subsets of dendritic cells, T-B cooperation in antibody production, characterization of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (reviewed in ref. 4) and natural killer (NK) T cells (reviewed in ref. 5). Translation of many other important findings from murine models to humans has been rather disappointing. This is best exemplified by models of autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy where numerous studies showing promising outcomes in murine models have achieved limited success in a human setting.
机译：在19世纪末和20世纪初，通过对体液和细胞免疫的广泛研究，我们对人类免疫调节的理解取得了巨大进步。保罗·埃里希（Paul Ehrlich）对侧链理论的发展引起了特别的兴趣，该理论导致了对抗原和抗体之间相互作用机制的描述。 1908年，他与细胞免疫学创始人Elie Metchnikoff共同获得了诺贝尔奖，以表彰他对理解体液免疫调节的贡献。此外，路易斯·巴斯德（Louis Pasteur），罗伯特·科赫（Robert Koch），沃尔特·里德（Walter Reed）等人进行的一些开创性研究也为理解人类免疫力提供了重要平台。然而，在20世纪随着近交鼠模型的发展，人们对人类免疫学的直接关注转移了。重要的是要认识到这些模型在以下领域提供了重要的概念进展，例如主要的组织相容性复合物限制的病毒感染细胞的识别，树突状细胞的不同亚群的鉴定，抗体生产中的TB合作，FoxP3 +调节性T细胞的表征（参见参考文献4）和自然杀伤（NK）T细胞（参考文献5）。从鼠模型到人类的许多其他重要发现的转换令人非常失望。自身免疫和癌症免疫疗法的模型可以最好地说明这一点，其中许多研究表明在鼠模型中有希望的结果在人类环境中取得的成功有限。

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