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首页> 外文期刊>Immunology and Cell Biology >Novel mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy nerve damage: the role of Schwann cells, T cells and Mycobacterium leprae.
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Novel mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy nerve damage: the role of Schwann cells, T cells and Mycobacterium leprae.

机译：麻风神经损伤的免疫发病机制中的新机制：雪旺细胞，T细胞和麻风分枝杆菌的作用。

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The major complication of reversal (or type 1) reactions in leprosy is peripheral nerve damage. The pathogenesis of nerve damage remains largely unresolved. In situ analyses suggest an important role for type 1 T cells. Mycobacterium leprae is known to have a remarkable tropism for Schwann cells that surround peripheral axons. Reversal reactions in leprosy are often accompanied by severe and irreversible nerve destruction and are associated with increased cellular immune reactivity against M. leprae. Thus, a likely immunopathogenic mechanism of Schwann cell and nerve damage in leprosy is that infected Schwann cells process and present antigens of M. Leprae to antigen-specific, inflammatory type 1 T cells and that these T cells subsequently damage and lyse infected Schwann cells. Previous studies using rodent CD8+ T cells and Schwann cells have revealed evidence for the existence of such a mechanism. Recently, a similar role has been suggested for human CD4+ T cells. These cells may be more important in causing leprosy nerve damage in vivo, given the predilection of M. leprae for Schwann cells and the dominant role of CD4+ serine esterase+ Th1 cells in leprosy lesions. Antagonism of molecular interactions between M. leprae, Schwann cells and inflammatory T cells may therefore provide a rational strategy to prevent Schwann cell and nerve damage in leprosy.
机译：麻风病中逆转（或1型）反应的主要并发症是周围神经损伤。神经损伤的发病机理在很大程度上仍未解决。原位分析表明1型T细胞的重要作用。已知麻风分枝杆菌对周围轴突周围的雪旺氏细胞具有显着的嗜性。麻风病中的逆转反应常伴有严重且不可逆的神经破坏，并与针对麻风分枝杆菌的细胞免疫反应性增加有关。因此，麻风病中雪旺氏细胞和神经损伤的可能的免疫致病机制是受感染的雪旺氏细胞加工并向抗原特异性炎性1型T细胞呈递Leprae分枝杆菌的抗原，并且这些T细胞随后破坏并溶解受感染的雪旺氏细胞。先前使用啮齿动物CD8 + T细胞和施万细胞的研究表明存在这种机制的证据。最近，有人对人的CD4 + T细胞提出了类似的作用。考虑到麻风杆菌对雪旺细胞的嗜好以及CD4 +丝氨酸酯酶+ Th1细胞在麻风病灶中的主导作用，这些细胞在体内引起麻风神经损伤方面可能更重要。因此，对麻风分枝杆菌，雪旺氏细胞和炎性T细胞之间的分子相互作用的拮抗作用可能提供一种合理的策略来预防麻风病中的雪旺氏细胞和神经损伤。

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