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New Techniques for Studying Fossil Spiders in Amber

机译:研究琥珀化石蜘蛛的新技术

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Saupe & Selden (2011) referred to a contemporary 'renaissance' in the description of fossil spiders, with technological developments opening new avenues for the study of fossil spider species in ways that allow close comparison with extant taxa. Suchfossils are important for understanding the evolutionary history of spiders (Penney & Selden, 2011) and for calibrating the tree of life, in addition to elucidating historical processes in studies of phylogenetic biogeography (e.g. Saupe et al,2010) . The number of described fossil spider species currently numbers in the region of 1100, with their origins mainly from fossiliferous amber deposits (Selden & Penney, 2010; Dunlop et al, 2011; Penney & Selden, 2011) . Amber is the fossilised form of tree resin from long extinct sub/tropical forests. Over millions of years the resin hardened through a progressive process of polymerisation of the original organic compounds. Any bioinclusions, such as spiders, trapped in the resin became fossilised,providing us with a unique insight into prehistoric forest life. In addition to the better known ambers, such as from the Baltic region and the Dominican Republic (Penney, 2010), new and significant deposits are still being discovered, including the first records for India and Africa (Rust et al, 2010; Schmidt et al, 2010). Advances in, and new applications of imaging technology to the study of palaeontological material mean that we can now investigate these fossils to a much greater extent than previously possible by earlier workers.
机译:Saupe&Selden(2011)在化石蜘蛛的描述中提到了当代的“复兴”,技术发展为化石蜘蛛物种的研究开辟了新途径,从而可以与现存的分类单元进行比较。这些化石对于阐明蜘蛛的进化史(Penney&Selden,2011)以及校准生命树非常重要,除了阐明系统发育生物地理学的历史过程外(例如Saupe等,2010)。目前所描述的化石蜘蛛物种的数量在1100左右,其起源主要来自化石琥珀矿床(Selden&Penney,2010; Dunlop等,2011; Penney&Selden,2011)。琥珀是来自长期灭绝的亚热带森林的树脂的化石形式。在数百万年的时间里,树脂通过原始有机化合物的逐步聚合过程而硬化。被困在树脂中的任何生物包裹体(例如蜘蛛)都被石化了,这使我们对史前森林生活有了独特的认识。除了波罗的海地区和多米尼加共和国(Penney,2010年)等知名的琥珀以外,仍在发现新的重要矿床,包括印度和非洲的第一批记录(Rust等人,2010年; Schmidt等人)等,2010)。成像技术的进步以及在古生物学材料研究中的新应用意味着我们现在可以比以前的工作人员更广泛地研究这些化石。

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