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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Plant Pathology >Molecular approaches for characterization and use of natural disease resistance in wheat
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Molecular approaches for characterization and use of natural disease resistance in wheat

机译：表征和利用小麦天然抗病性的分子方法

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Wheat production is threatened by a constantly changing population of pathogen species and races. Given the rapid ability of many pathogens to overcome genetic resistance, the identification and practical implementation of new sources of resistance is essential. Landraces and wild relatives of wheat have played an important role as genetic resources for the improvement of disease resistance. The use of molecular approaches, particularly molecular markers, has allowed better characterization of the genetic diversity in wheat germplasm. In addition, the molecular cloning of major resistance (R) genes has recently been achieved in the large, polyploid wheat genome. For the first time this allows the study and analysis of the genetic variability of wheat R loci at the molecular level and therefore, to screen for allelic variation at such loci in the gene pool. Thus, strategies such as allele mining and ecotilling are now possible for characterization of wheat disease resistance. Here, we discuss the approaches, resources and potential tools to characterize and utilize the naturally occurring resistance diversity in wheat. We also report a first step in allele mining, where we characterize the occurrence of known resistance alleles at the wheat Pm3 powdery mildew resistance locus in a set of 1,320 landraces assembled on the basis of eco-geographical criteria. From known Pm3 R alleles, only Pm3b was frequently identified (3% of the tested accessions). In the same set of landraces, we found a high frequency of a Pm3 haplotype carrying a susceptible allele of Pm3. This analysis allowed the identification of a set of resistant lines where new potentially functional alleles would be present. Newly identified resistance alleles will enrich the genetic basis of resistance in breeding programmes and contribute to wheat improvement.
机译：不断变化的病原体种类和种族威胁着小麦的生产。鉴于许多病原体具有克服遗传抗性的快速能力，因此必须确定和实际实施新的抗性来源。小麦的地方品种和野生近缘种作为改善抗病性的遗传资源发挥了重要作用。使用分子方法，特别是分子标记，可以更好地表征小麦种质的遗传多样性。此外，最近在大型多倍体小麦基因组中实现了主要抗性（R）基因的分子克隆。这首次允许在分子水平上研究和分析小麦R基因座的遗传变异性，从而筛选基因库中此类基因座的等位基因变异。因此，现在可以利用等位基因挖掘和生态保留等策略来表征小麦抗病性。在这里，我们讨论了表征和利用小麦天然存在的抗性多样性的方法，资源和潜在工具。我们还报告了等位基因挖掘的第一步，在此我们表征了根据生态地理标准组装的一组1,320个地方品种中小麦Pm3白粉病抗性基因座的已知抗性等位基因的存在。从已知的Pm3 R等位基因中，经常仅鉴定到Pm3b（占测试种质的3％）。在同一组地方品种中，我们发现携带Pm3易感等位基因的Pm3单倍型频率很高。该分析允许鉴定出将存在新的潜在功能等位基因的一组抗性系。新近确定的抗性等位基因将丰富育种计划中抗性的遗传基础，并有助于改善小麦。

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