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DNA methylation testing and marker validation using PCR: diagnostic applications.

机译:使用PCR进行DNA甲基化测试和标记验证:诊断应用。

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摘要

DNA methylation provides a fundamental epigenetic mechanism to establish and promote cell-specific gene-expression patterns, which are inherited by subsequent cell generations. Thus, the epigenome determines the differentiation into a cell lineage but can also program cells to become abnormal or malignant. In humans, different germline and somatic diseases have been linked to faulty DNA methylation. In this article, we will discuss the available PCR-based technologies to assess differences in DNA methylation levels mainly affecting 5-methylcytosine in the CpG dinucleotide context in hereditary syndromal and somatic pathological conditions. We will discuss some of the current diagnostic applications and provide an outlook on how DNA methylation-based biomarkers might provide novel tools for diagnosis, prognosis or patient stratification for diseases such as cancer.
机译:DNA甲基化为建立和促进特定于细胞的基因表达模式提供了基本的表观遗传机制,这些模式可被后续的细胞世代所继承。因此,表观基因组决定了向细胞谱系的分化,但也可以使细胞编程为异常或恶性。在人类中,不同的种系和体细胞疾病与DNA甲基化缺陷有关。在本文中,我们将讨论可利用的基于PCR的技术,以评估在遗传综合征和体细胞病理情况下,主要影响CpG二核苷酸环境下的5-甲基胞嘧啶的DNA甲基化水平的差异。我们将讨论一些当前的诊断应用,并对基于DNA甲基化的生物标记物如何为癌症等疾病的诊断,预后或患者分层提供新工具提供一个展望。

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