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首页> 外文期刊>European Planning Studies >Entrepreneurial High-tech Cluster Development: Israel's Experience with Venture Capital and Technological Incubators
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Entrepreneurial High-tech Cluster Development: Israel's Experience with Venture Capital and Technological Incubators

机译：创业高科技集群发展：以色列在风险投资和技术孵化器方面的经验

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This study deals with policy instruments supporting high-tech start-up activity. It is based on the Israeli experience with two specific government programmes: Yozma, which triggered the emergence of the venture capital industry, and the technological incubators programme. These programmes had significant impact on the development of the high-tech cluster in Israel. While venture capital has positive impact on the growth and strength of high-tech clusters, it has also significant drawbacks, such as narrow geographical distribution of high-tech activities and narrow technological diversification. In this study we will analyse whether the interaction between Yozma programme and the technological incubators programme, reduced these drawbacks. We will examine whether the technological incubators in peripheral areas in Israel succeeded in attracting high-tech start-up activity as well as venture capital investments, and whether the incubators were supporting more diversified technological fields than the venture capital industry. In addition, we will try to determine whether cooperation between venture capitals and incubators led to more balanced investments patterns in terms of geographical distribution and technological diversification. Our empirical work is based on a population of 3747 Israeli high-tech firms, established between 1991 and 2004. In analysing this data we will attempt to determine whether venture capitals and incubators have dissimilar effectiveness in supporting start-ups and different technological and geographical preferences. The findings suggest that while venture capital-backed firms have higher success rates, their activities are more concentrated in central areas. In contrast, the technological incubators proved successful in attracting activity to peripheral areas and to less popular technologies, but their success rates are very low. Finally, the findings suggest that incubator graduates that received venture capital financing had significantly improved results.
机译：本研究涉及支持高科技创业活动的政策工具。它基于以色列在两项具体政府计划方面的经验：引发风险投资行业兴起的Yozma和技术孵化器计划。这些计划对以色列高科技集群的发展产生了重大影响。风险投资虽然对高科技集群的成长和实力具有积极影响，但也具有重大弊端，如高科技活动的地域分布狭窄和技术多样化。在这项研究中，我们将分析Yozma计划与技术孵化器计划之间的互动是否减少了这些弊端。我们将研究以色列外围地区的技术孵化器是否成功吸引了高科技创业活动以及风险资本投资，以及这些孵化器是否支持了比风险投资行业更多元化的技术领域。此外，我们将尝试确定风险资本和孵化器之间的合作是否导致了在地理分布和技术多样化方面更加均衡的投资模式。我们的经验工作是基于1991年至2004年建立的3747家以色列高科技公司组成的。在分析这些数据时，我们将尝试确定风险资本和孵化器在支持初创企业以及不同的技术和地域偏好方面是否具有不同的效力。 。调查结果表明，尽管有风险资本支持的公司成功率更高，但他们的活动更多地集中在中部地区。相反，事实证明，技术孵化器成功地吸引了周边地区和较不流行的技术的活动，但成功率很低。最后，研究结果表明，接受风险投资融资的孵化器毕业生的成绩显着提高。

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