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Full-Field Deformation Measurement and Crack Mapping on Confined Masonry Walls Using Digital Image Correlation

机译：使用数字图像相关的密闭砌体墙全场变形测量和裂缝映射

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The understanding of the load-resistance mechanisms and failure modes of large-scale concrete and masonry structures relies on accurate measurements of surface motions and deformations, and faithful crack maps. Measurements are typically taken using surface-mounted point-wise sensors (PWSs), and crack maps are hand-drawn based on visual inspection. It is impractical to obtain detailed displacement and deformation maps that describe the complex response of large structures based on PWS measurements. In addition, manual crack drawing is difficult, time-consuming, and prone to human errors, which makes it challenging to consistently produce faithful crack maps. This paper reports on a pilot study to test the use of three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) as a non-contacting method to measure surface deformation fields on full-scale masonry walls, and produce detailed crack maps. Three confined masonry walls were tested under horizontal in-plane reverse-cycle loads. The specimens were designed to attain different levels of strength and deformability through different load-resistance mechanisms. Representative 3D-DIC measurements of drift, diagonal deformations, and interface slip between the reinforced concrete tie columns and the masonry infill were evaluated vis-A -vis benchmark PWS measurements, showing a comparable accuracy. Strain maps based on 3D-DIC measurements were enlisted to visualize the development of the fundamental strut-and-tie resisting mechanism in confined masonry walls subjected to horizontal in-plane loads, and illustrate practical structural analysis and design implications. More detailed crack maps compared with traditional hand-drawn maps were obtained based on 3D-DIC maximum principal strain contours.
机译：对大型混凝土和砖石结构的载荷抵抗机制和破坏模式的理解依赖于对表面运动和变形的精确测量以及忠实的裂缝图。通常使用表面安装的逐点传感器（PWS）进行测量，并根据目视检查来绘制裂纹图。要获得详细的位移和变形图以描述基于PWS测量的大型结构的复杂响应是不切实际的。此外，手动裂缝绘制非常困难，耗时且容易发生人为错误，这使得始终如一地生成忠实的裂缝图具有挑战性。本文报道了一项试点研究，以测试使用三维数字图像相关性（3D-DIC）作为非接触方法来测量全尺寸砖砌墙表面变形场并生成详细的裂缝图。在水平的平面内反向循环荷载下测试了三个密闭的砌体墙。这些标本被设计为通过不同的载荷抵抗机制达到不同的强度和变形能力。相对于基准PWS测量，评估了钢筋混凝土系柱和砖石填充物之间的漂移，对角变形和界面滑移的代表性3D-DIC测量，显示了可比较的准确性。征集了基于3D-DIC测量的应变图，以可视化水平受平面内载荷的承压砌筑墙体中基本的支杆和支杆抵抗机制的发展，并说明了实际的结构分析和设计意义。基于3D-DIC最大主应变轮廓，获得了与传统手绘图相比更详细的裂纹图。

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