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Microstructure Effect on the Lcr Elastic Wave for Welding Residual Stress Measurement

机译：Lcr弹性波在焊接残余应力测量中的微观结构影响

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摘要

The ultrasonic residual stresses measurement is based on the acoustoelastic effect that refers to the change in velocity of the elastic waves when propagating in a stressed media. The experimental method using the longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) waves requires an acoustoelastic calibration and an accuracy measurement of the time-of-flight on both stressed and unstressed media. The accuracy of this method is strongly related to that of the calibration parameters, namely the time-offlight at free stress condition (t0) and the acoustoelastic coefficient (K). These parameters should be obtained on a free stress sample that has an identical microstructure to that of the stressed media. Our study concerns the ultrasonic evaluation of the welding residual stresses. This assembly process induces three distinct microstructures in the weld seam: the melted zone (MZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and the parent metal (PM). Previously, the residual stresses evaluation in the steel welded plates, by the use of the Lcr wave method, was only possible in the MZ and in the PM zones. While in the HAZ, the residual stresses were incorrectly evaluated due to its small width impeding the extraction of the calibration sample. In this paper, we propose an original approach to solve this problem, which consists of reproducing the microstructure of this zone using a specific heat treatment. For the experimental part, P355 steel welded plates were used and the three zones were probed. The results compared with those obtained by the hole-drilling reference method show a proven potential of the ultrasonic method using the Lcr waves. The Lcr wave residual stresses measurements were made with sufficient accuracy, such as the variability of repeated measures was estimated on the order of ± 36 MPa.
机译：超声残余应力的测量基于声弹性效应，该声弹性效应是指在应力介质中传播时弹性波速度的变化。使用纵向临界折射（Lcr）波的实验方法需要进行声弹性校准以及在受压和无应力介质上的飞行时间的准确度测量。该方法的精度与校准参数的精度密切相关，即在自由应力条件下的时间偏离（t0）和声弹性系数（K）。这些参数应在自由应力样品上获得，该样品应具有与应力介质相同的微观结构。我们的研究涉及焊接残余应力的超声评估。这种组装过程在焊缝中产生了三种不同的微观结构：熔化区（MZ），热影响区（HAZ）和母材（PM）。以前，只能通过MZ和PM区域中的Lcr波动法评估钢板焊接残余应力。在热影响区中，由于其较小的宽度阻碍了校准样品的提取，因此残余应力未正确评估。在本文中，我们提出了一种解决该问题的原始方法，该方法包括使用特定的热处理来重现该区域的微观结构。对于实验部分，使用P355钢焊接板并探测了三个区域。与通过钻孔参考方法获得的结果相比，该结果证明了使用Lcr波的超声方法的潜力。 Lcr波残余应力的测量精度足够高，例如，重复测量的变异性估计在±36 MPa的数量级上。

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