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Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

机译：草酸：减少包装蜜蜂中螨螨数量的前瞻性工具

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Numerous studies have investigated using oxalic acid (OA) to control Varroa mites in honey bee colonies. In contrast, techniques for treating package bees with OA have not been investigated. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for using OA to reduce mite infestation in package bees. We made 97 mini packages of Varroa-infested adult bees. Each package contained 1,613 +/- A 18 bees and 92 +/- A 3 mites, and represented an experimental unit. We prepared a 2.8% solution of OA by mixing 35 g OA with 1 l of sugar water (sugar:water = 1:1; w:w). Eight treatments were assigned to the packages based on previous laboratory bioassays that characterized the acute contact toxicity of OA to mites and bees. We administered the treatments by spraying the OA solution directly on the bees through the mesh screen cage using a pressurized air brush and quantified mite and bee mortality over a 10-day period. Our results support applying an optimum volume of 3.0 ml of a 2.8% OA solution per 1,000 bees to packages for effective mite control with minimal adult bee mortality. The outcome of our research provides beekeepers and package bee shippers guidance for using OA to reduce mite populations in package bees.
机译：许多研究已经研究了使用草酸（OA）来控制蜜蜂群体中的Varroa螨。相反，尚未研究用OA处理包装蜜蜂的技术。这项研究的目的是开发一种使用OA减少包装蜜蜂螨侵害的方案。我们制作了97小包受Varroa感染的成年蜜蜂。每个包装包含1,613 +/- A 18蜜蜂和92 +/- A 3螨，并代表一个实验单位。我们通过将35 g OA与1 l糖水混合（糖：水= 1：1; w：w）来制备2.8％的OA溶液。根据以前的实验室生物测定法，将八种处理方法指定给包装，这些方法表征了OA对螨虫和蜜蜂的急性接触毒性。我们通过使用加压气刷通过网筛笼将OA溶液直接喷洒在蜜蜂上进行了治疗，并在10天内定量了螨虫和蜜蜂的死亡率。我们的结果支持每包装1000只蜜蜂使用3.0 ml最佳体积的2.8％OA溶液，以有效控制螨虫，并使成年蜜蜂死亡率降至最低。我们的研究结果为使用OA减少包装蜜蜂中的螨虫种群提供了养蜂人和包装蜜蜂托运人的指导。

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