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Targeted therapies for prostate cancer.

机译：前列腺癌的靶向疗法。

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The development of targeted therapies for prostate cancer has exploited various elements of prostate biology. The androgen-dependence of prostate cancer continues to be the focus for the development of new drugs and the analysis of details of the intermolecular interactions of the androgen receptor. Importantly, new applications of androgen ablation therapy have proven to have the greatest effect on cause-specific and overall survival during the last decade. Prostate epithelial cells express a number of tissue-specific proteins that have been the target either for antibody-directed therapies, in the case of prostate-specific membrane antigen, or target-activated therapies in the case of prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease. Prostate-specific proteins have also been targeted by the development of vaccines that have entered clinical trials. Humanized monoclonal antibodies and small molecules designed to inhibit oncogenic signalling pathways have been subjected to clinical trials in prostate cancer with limited success. The application of pathway inhibitors to prostate cancer therapy has been limited because no common dominant oncogenic mutation affecting signal kinase activation in prostate cancer has yet been identified. The interaction of signal kinase inhibitors with androgen ablation and with cytotoxic chemotherapy remains to be explored.
机译：用于前列腺癌的靶向疗法的开发已经利用了前列腺生物学的各种要素。前列腺癌的雄激素依赖性仍然是新药开发和雄激素受体的分子间相互作用细节分析的焦点。重要的是，最近十年来，雄激素消融疗法的新应用已被证明对特定原因和总体存活率影响最大。前列腺上皮细胞表达许多组织特异性蛋白，在前列腺特异性膜抗原的情况下，这些抗体已成为抗体导向疗法的靶标;在前列腺特异性抗原（丝氨酸蛋白酶）的情况下，成为靶标活化疗法的靶标。前列腺特异性蛋白也已被进入临床试验的疫苗开发作为目标。设计用于抑制致癌信号通路的人源化单克隆抗体和小分子已在前列腺癌中进行了临床试验，但效果有限。由于尚未发现影响前列腺癌信号激酶激活的常见显性致癌突变，因此通路抑制剂在前列腺癌治疗中的应用受到限制。信号激酶抑制剂与雄激素消融以及与细胞毒性化学疗法的相互作用尚待探索。

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