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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society >THE EARTHCARE SATELLITE The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Radiation
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THE EARTHCARE SATELLITE The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Radiation

机译：EARTHCARE卫星进行全球云，气溶胶，降水和辐射测量的下一步

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摘要

The collective representation within global models of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and their radiative properties remains unsatisfactory. They constitute the largest source of uncertainty in predictions of climatic change and hamper the ability of numerical weather prediction models to forecast high-impact weather events. The joint European Space Agency (ESA)-Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Earth Clouds, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite mission, scheduled for launch in 2018, will help to resolve these weaknesses by providing global profiles of cloud, aerosol, precipitation, and associated radiative properties inferred from a combination of measurements made by its collocated active and passive sensors. EarthCARE will improve our understanding of cloud and aerosol processes by extending the invaluable dataset acquired by the A-Train satellites CloudSat, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and Aqua. Specifically, EarthCARE's cloud profiling radar, with 7 dB more sensitivity than CloudSat, will detect more thin clouds and its Doppler capability will provide novel information on convection, precipitating ice particle, and raindrop fall speeds. EarthCARE's 355-nm high-spectral-resolution lidar will measure directly and accurately cloud and aerosol extinction and optical depth. Combining this with backscatter and polarization information should lead to an unprecedented ability to identify aerosol type. The multispectral imager will provide a context for, and the ability to construct, the cloud and aerosol distribution in 3D domains around the narrow 2D retrieved cross section. The consistency of the retrievals will be assessed to within a target of +/- 10 W m(-2) on the (10 km)(2) scale by comparing the multiview broadband radiometer observations to the top-of-atmosphere fluxes estimated by 3D radiative transfer models acting on retrieved 3D domains.
机译：气溶胶，云，降水及其辐射特性的全球模型中的集体表示仍然不能令人满意。它们构成了气候变化预测中最大的不确定性来源，并妨碍了数值天气预报模型预测高影响天气事件的能力。计划于2018年发射的欧洲航天局（ESA）-日本航空航天探索局（JAXA）联合的地球云，气溶胶和辐射探测器（EarthCARE）卫星任务将通过提供云，气溶胶，由并置的有源和无源传感器进行的测量组合可以推断出降水量和相关的辐射特性。 EarthCARE将扩展由A-火车卫星CloudSat，Cloud-Aerosol Lidar和红外探路者卫星观测（CALIPSO）和Aqua获得的宝贵数据集，从而提高我们对云和气溶胶过程的理解。具体来说，EarthCARE的云剖析雷达比CloudSat高7 dB，它将检测更多薄云，其多普勒能力将提供有关对流，降水冰粒和雨滴下落速度的新颖信息。 EarthCARE的355 nm高光谱分辨率激光雷达将直接，准确地测量云和气溶胶的消光以及光学深度。将其与反向散射和极化信息相结合，将导致空前的识别气溶胶类型的能力。多光谱成像仪将为狭窄的2D检索横截面周围的3D域中的云和气溶胶分布提供上下文和构建能力。通过将多视图宽带辐射计观测值与由观测器估算的大气顶通量进行比较，可以将取回的一致性评估为在（10 km）（2）尺度上+/- 10 W m（-2）的目标范围内作用于检索到的3D域的3D辐射传递模型。

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