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Large fluctuations of shallow seas in low-lying Southeast Asia driven by mantle flow

机译：地幔流驱动东南亚低洼地区的浅海大波动

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The Sundaland continental promontory, as the core of Southeast Asia, is one of the lowest lying continental regions, with half of the continental area presently inundated by a shallow sea. The role of mantle convection in driving long-wavelength topography and vertical motion of the lithosphere in this region has often been ignored when interpreting regional stratigraphy, including a widespread Late Cretaceous-Eocene unconformity, despite a consensus that Southeast Asia is presently situated over a large-amplitude dynamic topography low resulting from long-term post-Pangea subduction. We use forward numerical models to link mantle flow with surface tectonics and compare predicted trends of dynamic topography with eustasy and regional paleogeography to determine the influence of mantle convection on regional basin histories. A Late Cretaceous collision of Gondwana-derived terranes with Sundaland choked the active margin, leading to slab breakoff and a approximate to 10-15 Myr-long subduction hiatus. A subduction hiatus likely resulted in several hundred meters of dynamic uplift and emergence of Sundaland between approximate to 80 and 60 Ma and may explain the absence of a Late Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary record. Renewed subduction from approximate to 60 Ma reinitiated dynamic subsidence of Sundaland, leading to submergence from approximate to 40 Ma despite falling long-term global sea levels. Our results highlight a complete down-up-down dynamic topography cycle experienced by Sundaland, with transient dynamic topography manifesting as a major regional unconformity in sedimentary basins.
机译：Southeast他洲大陆海角是东南亚的核心地区，是地势最低的大陆区域之一，目前一半的大陆区域被浅海淹没。在解释区域地层学时，包括对广泛的晚白垩世-始新世不整合面，尽管人们普遍认为东南亚目前位于一个较大的区域，但地幔对流在驱动该地区岩石的长波形貌和垂直运动中的作用常常被忽略。长期的庞加俯冲作用引起的低振幅动态地形。我们使用前向数值模型将地幔流动与地表构造联系起来，并将动态地形的预测趋势与狂喜和区域古地理进行比较，以确定地幔对流对区域盆地历史的影响。冈瓦纳衍生的地壳与桑达兰的晚白垩世碰撞阻塞了活动边缘，导致平板折断和大约10-15迈尔长的俯冲裂隙。俯冲裂隙可能导致几百米的动态隆升和大约80至60 Ma之间的桑达兰的出现，这可能解释了没有晚白垩世-始新世的沉积记录。从大约60 Ma的俯冲重新开始，重新恢复了桑达兰的动态沉降，尽管全球海平面长期下降，但从大约40 Ma的俯冲开始了沉没。我们的结果强调了桑达兰岛经历的完整的自上而下的动态地形周期，其中瞬态动态地形表现为沉积盆地的主要区域不整合面。

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