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首页> 外文期刊>Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems >Heat flow, strong near-fault seismic waves, and near-fault tectonics on the central San Andreas Fault
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Heat flow, strong near-fault seismic waves, and near-fault tectonics on the central San Andreas Fault

机译：圣安德烈亚斯断层中央的热流，强烈的近断层地震波和近断层构造

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摘要

The main San Andreas Fault strikes subparallel to compressional folds and thrust faults. Its fault-normal traction is on average a factor of gamma=1+2 mu(thr)(root 1+mu(2)(thr) + mu(thr)), where mu(thr) is the coefficient of friction for thrust faults, times the effective lithostatic pressure. A useful upper limit for mu(thr) of 0.6 (where gamma is 3.12) is obtained from the lack of heat flow anomalies by considering off-fault convergence at a rate of 1 mm/yr for 10 km across strike. If the fault-normal traction is in fact this high, the well-known heat flow constraint of average stresses of 10-20 MPa during strike slip on the main fault becomes more severe. Only a few percent of the total slip during earthquakes can occur at the peak stress before dynamic mechanisms weaken the fault. The spatial dimension of the high-stress rupture-tip zone is similar to 10 m for gamma=3.12 and, for comparison, similar to 100 m for gamma=1. High dynamic stresses during shaking occur within these distances of the fault plane. In terms of scalars, fine-scale tectonic stresses cannot exceed the difference between failure stress and dynamic stress. Plate-scale slip causes stresses to build up near geometrical irregularities of the fault plane. Strong dynamic stresses near the rupture tip facilitate anelastic deformation with the net effects of relaxing the local deviatoric tectonic stress and accommodating deformation around the irregularities. There also is a mild tendency for near-fault material to extrude upward. Slip on minor thrust faults causes the normal traction on the main fault to be spatially variable.
机译：主要的圣安德烈亚斯断层与压缩褶皱和逆冲断层平行。平均其断层法向牵引力为gamma = 1 + 2 mu（thr）（根1 + mu（2）（thr）+ mu（thr）），其中mu（thr）是推力的摩擦系数断层数乘以有效的岩石静压。通过考虑沿断层以10 mm的速度以1 mm / yr的速率进行断层收敛，可以从缺乏热流异常的情况下获得mu（thr）的0.6的有用上限（伽玛为3.12）。如果断层法向牵引力实际上如此高，则在主断层上的走滑期间，平均应力为10-20 MPa的众所周知的热流约束将变得更加严峻。在动力机制弱化断层之前，在峰值应力下仅会发生地震期间总滑移的百分之几。高应力破裂尖端区域的空间尺寸在gamma = 3.12时类似于10 m，并且为了比较，在gamma = 1时类似于100 m。在断层平面的这些距离之内会发生晃动期间的高动态应力。就标量而言，精细的构造应力不能超过破坏应力与动应力之差。板级滑移导致应力在断层平面的几何不规则处附近累积。破裂尖端附近的强动应力促进了弹性变形，并具有放松局部偏斜构造应力和适应不规则形周围变形的净效应。断层附近的材料也有向上挤压的轻微趋势。轻微的逆冲断层滑动会导致主断层的法向牵引力在空间上变化。

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