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Tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning: current concepts and changing trends.

机译：组织工程，干细胞和克隆：当前概念和变化趋势。

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Organ damage or loss can occur from congenital disorders, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions and often necessitates reconstruction or replacement. Replacement may take the form of organ transplant. At present, there is a severe shortage of donor organs that is worsening with the aging of the population. Tissue engineering follows the principles of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering towards the development of biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal tissue function. Therapeutic cloning involves the introduction of a nucleus from a donor cell into an enucleated oocyte to generate embryonic stem cell lines whose genetic material is identical to that of its source. These autologous stem cells have the potential to become almost any type of cell in the adult body, and thus would be useful in tissue and organ replacement applications. This paper reviews recent advances in stem cell research and regenerative medicine, and describes the clinical applications of these technologies as novel therapies for tissue or organ loss.
机译：先天性疾病，癌症，创伤，感染，炎症，医源性伤害或其他情况可能导致器官损坏或丢失，通常需要重建或更换。替换可以采取器官移植的形式。目前，供体器官严重短缺，随着人口老龄化而加剧。组织工程学遵循细胞移植，材料科学和工程学的原则，致力于开发可以恢复和维持正常组织功能的生物替代物。治疗性克隆涉及从供体细胞向去核卵母细胞中引入细胞核，以产生其遗传物质与其来源相同的胚胎干细胞系。这些自体干细胞有可能成为成年体内几乎任何类型的细胞，因此将在组织和器官置换应用中有用。本文回顾了干细胞研究和再生医学的最新进展，并描述了这些技术作为组织或器官丢失的新疗法的临床应用。

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