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Biodiversity and preservation of vanilla: present state of knowledge

机译：生物多样性和香草保护：目前的知识水平

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The genus Vanilla belongs to the Orchidaceae family and Vanilla planifolia, probably endemic from tropical forests in Eastern Mexico, is the main source for commercial vanilla. There has recently been an important number of publications covering Vanilla taxonomy, particularly using molecular genetics, but the taxonomy of the genus is still unclear and numerous synonyms remain. Recent studies showed that inter-specific hybridization and perhaps even polyploidization played an important role in the evolution of the genus. There has also been an important increase in the knowledge of the genetic diversity and reproductive biology of V. planifolia in natural conditions, showing that mating system diversity exists in Vanilla and that this genus could be a good model to study the role of fragrance in orchid evolution. Recent studies on the genetic consequences of V. planifolia domestication are also presented and raise major scientific questions regarding the origin of phenotypic diversity in a vegetatively propagated crop. Finally, all these studies have demonstrated the urgent need for preservation of the genetic resources of V. planifolia (primary and secondary gene pools, and cultivated resources) and current conservation efforts are presented.
机译：香草属属于兰科，而香草兰可能是墨西哥东部的热带森林特有种，是商业香草的主要来源。最近，有很多出版物涉及香草分类法，特别是使用分子遗传学，但是该属的分类法仍然不清楚，并且仍然存在许多同义词。最近的研究表明种间杂交甚至多倍体化在该属的进化中起着重要作用。自然条件下Planifolia的遗传多样性和生殖生物学知识也有了重要的增长，表明香草中存在交配系统多样性，并且该属可能是研究香水在兰花中作用的良好模型。演化。还提出了对平叶葡萄菌驯化的遗传后果的最新研究，并提出了有关无性繁殖作物表型多样性起源的重大科学问题。最后，所有这些研究表明，迫切需要保存平面葡萄的遗传资源（主要和次要基因库以及栽培资源），并提出了目前的保护工作。

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