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Chloroplast microsatellites to investigate the origin of grapevine.

机译：叶绿体微卫星用于调查葡萄的起源。

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摘要

The origin of the grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. (ssp.) sativa has been investigated with archaeobotanical-archaeological, cultural and historical data indicating a unique domestication centre located in the Caucasian and Middel-East regions about 6-7000 years ago, but, events leading to the domestication of this species are still an open issue. In this work, eight universal chloroplast microsatellites are used to assess genetic relationships among varieties selected as representatives of four distinct geographical groups from Middle-East to Western European regions. Results show that two out of the eight analysed chloroplast loci are polymorphic within the 142 individuals. Allele variants of the cpSSR loci combine in a total of six different haplotypes. The analysis of haplotypes distribution and haplotype diversity (HD) suggest that only three out of the six haplotypes are represented in the Caucasian and Middle-East samples, with 90% of individuals sharing the same haplotype. Moreover, the presence of all six haplotypes in the European accessions, with a high level of haplotype diversity, suggests varietal influx in these areas. Concerning the Western European varieties, especially in Spanish accessions, half of the individuals share haplotype VI which is completely absent in the Caucasian and Middle-East cultivars. This result opens the discussion about the existence of a unique and common domestication centre, located in the Caucasian and Middle-East area, for all the European cultivars. This work suggests the usefulness of chloroplast genome markers to provide information on haplotype distributions that could help to identify further geographical areas for grapevine vrietal evolution..
机译：已经用考古植物学，考古学，文化和历史数据调查了葡萄品种葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.（ssp。）sativa）的起源，该数据表明约有六千到七千年前在高加索和中东部的一个独特的驯化中心，但是，导致该物种驯化的事件仍然是一个未解决的问题。在这项工作中，使用八个通用叶绿体微卫星来评估被选为代表从中东到西欧地区的四个不同地理区域的品种之间的遗传关系。结果显示，在142个个体中，八个分析的叶绿体基因座中有两个是多态性的。 cpSSR基因座的等位基因变体组合成总共六种不同的单倍型。对单倍型分布和单倍型多样性（HD）的分析表明，六个单倍型中只有三个代表在高加索人和中东样本中，其中90％的人共享相同的单倍型。此外，欧洲种属中所有六种单倍型的存在，具有很高的单倍型多样性，表明这些地区的品种大量涌入。关于西欧品种，特别是西班牙品种，一半的个体具有单体型VI，而在高加索和中东品种中完全没有这种单体型。这一结果使人们开始讨论在白种人和中东地区是否存在一个针对所有欧洲品种的独特且共同的驯化中心。这项工作表明叶绿体基因组标记物可用于提供有关单倍型分布的信息，这有助于确定葡萄地理变异的进一步地理区域。

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