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首页> 外文期刊>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution >Phenotypic diversity and evolution of farmer varieties of bread wheat on organic farms in Europe
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Phenotypic diversity and evolution of farmer varieties of bread wheat on organic farms in Europe

机译：欧洲有机农场面包小麦农民品种的表型多样性和进化

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The contribution of farmers to the creation and maintenance of genetic diversity is beginning to receive more recognition in developed countries. Although the use of landraces and historic varieties has largely disappeared in countries with industrialized agricultural systems and formal seed markets, certain varieties with particular cultural significance have been continuously cultivated by farmers and other varieties have been preserved ex situ in genebanks. Recently, associations of organic farmers have become involved in the conservation and use of landraces and historic varieties (called farmer varieties in this article) because these varieties possess agronomic and quality traits that they have not found in modern varieties. In this study, eight farmer varieties of bread wheat from Europe selected by participating farmers were evaluated in on-farm trials during 3 years of cultivation. Each variety was grown on each farm, and phenotypic changes in each variety were measured the third year in a replicated split-plot trial on each farm comparing the version of each variety the farmer had multiplied to a sample of each variety from the region of origin. All varieties, including the two modern pureline varieties used as checks, showed statistically significant phenotypic changes over 3 years of multiplication. However, the magnitude of these changes was moderate and did not call into question varietal identity or distinctness. In addition, some traits of putative agronomic and adaptive importance, such as grain weight per spike and thousand kernel weight, did not respond positively to natural selection (environmental conditions and management practices) which suggests the necessity of farmer selection to maintain and improve varietal performance.
机译：在发达国家，农民对创造和维持遗传多样性的贡献开始得到更多的认可。尽管在具有工业化农业系统和正式种子市场的国家中，地方品种和历史品种的使用已基本消失，但农民仍在不断种植某些具有特殊文化意义的品种，而其他品种则已在基因库中异地保存。最近，有机农户协会已参与了地方品种和历史品种（本文称为农民品种）的保护和使用，因为这些品种具有现代品种中未发现的农艺和品质特征。在这项研究中，在种植的3年中，通过农场试验对参与农户选择的来自欧洲的8种面包小麦品种进行了评估。每个品种均在每个农场上种植，并在第三年在每个农场的重复分块试验中测量每个品种的表型变化，比较农民将每个品种的版本与来自来源地区的每个品种的样本进行比较。所有品种，包括用作检验的两个现代纯系品种，在三年的繁殖中均显示出统计学上显着的表型变化。但是，这些变化的幅度是中等的，没有引起品种多样性或独特性的疑问。此外，某些农艺和适应性重要性的特征，例如每穗穗粒重和千粒重，对自然选择没有积极反应（环境条件和管理实践），这表明必须选择农民来维持和改善品种表现。 。

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