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Evolution in the block: common elements of 5S rDNA organization and evolutionary patterns in distant fish genera

机译：进化中的块：远鱼属中5S rDNA组织的共同要素和进化模式

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摘要

The 5S rDNA is organized in the genome as tandemly repeated copies of a structural unit composed of a coding sequence plus a nontranscribed spacer (NTS). The coding region is highly conserved in the evolution, whereas the NTS vary in both length and sequence. It has been proposed that 5S rRNA genes are members of a gene family that have arisen through concerted evolution. In this study, we describe the molecular organization and evolution of the 5S rDNA in the genera Lepidorhombus and Scophthalmus (Scophthalmidae) and compared it with already known 5S rDNA of the very different genera Merluccius (Merluccidae) and Salmo (Salmoninae), to identify common structural elements or patterns for understanding 5S rDNA evolution in fish. High intra- and interspecific diversity within the 5S rDNA family in all the genera can be explained by a combination of duplications, deletions, and transposition events. Sequence blocks with high similarity in all the 5S rDNA members across species were identified for the four studied genera, with evidences of intense gene conversion within noncoding regions. We propose a model to explain the evolution of the 5S rDNA, in which the evolutionary units are blocks of nucleotides rather than the entire sequences or single nucleotides. This model implies a "two-speed" evolution: slow within blocks (homogenized by recombination) and fast within the gene family (diversified by duplications and deletions).
机译：5S rDNA在基因组中被组织为由编码序列和非转录间隔子（NTS）组成的结构单元的串联重复拷贝。编码区在进化中是高度保守的，而NTS在长度和序列上都变化。已经提出5S rRNA基因是通过协调进化产生的基因家族的成员。在这项研究中，我们描述了Lepidorhombus和Scophthalmus（Scophthalmidae）属中5S rDNA的分子组织和进化，并将其与非常不同的Merluccius（Merluccidae）和Salmo（Salmoninae）属的5S rDNA进行了比较，以鉴定常见的用于了解鱼类5S rDNA进化的结构元件或模式。在所有属的5S rDNA家族中，种内和种间的高度多样性可以用重复，缺失和转座事件的组合来解释。在四个研究属中，确定了跨物种的所有5S rDNA成员中具有高度相似性的序列块，并有证据表明在非编码区内存在强烈的基因转化。我们提出一个模型来解释5S rDNA的进化，其中进化单位是核苷酸的块，而不是整个序列或单个核苷酸。该模型暗示了“双速”进化：块内缓慢（通过重组均质）和基因家族内快速（通过重复和缺失而多样化）。

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