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首页> 外文期刊>Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science >Water and herbicide transient flow transport in field-dried topsoils during controlled infiltration: II. Herbicide capillary and gravity-driven transient flows.
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Water and herbicide transient flow transport in field-dried topsoils during controlled infiltration: II. Herbicide capillary and gravity-driven transient flows.

机译：在受控渗透过程中，田间干燥的表层土壤中水和除草剂的瞬时流动传递：II。除草剂毛细管和重力驱动的瞬时流动。

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摘要

A disc infiltrometer with a disc diameter of 80 mm has been operated in the field at -0.2 kPa a few days after the spring of 2003 spraying of a mixture of bentazone and isoproturon on three dried tilled topsoils differing in texture but under the same climatic and vegetation conditions. In the first part of this series of papers, we characterized the transient water flow, allowing us to study the complementary transient herbicide transport in the studied field-dried topsoils. Proportions of initial herbicide which remained in the studied topsoils significantly decreased from the silt loam soil, where we suggested predominant capillary flow, to the sandy loam and silty clay soils, where we suggested a combination of capillary flow and gravity-driven transient flow. However, we attempted to use the capillary invasion theory to infer the retardation factors in the initially unsaturated soil aggregates, on the assumption of predominant transport of herbicide residues by capillary flow. We showed that the more clayey the soil, the more retarded was the invading herbicide against the invading water, the invading isoproturon being significantly more retarded than the invading bentazone, whatever the soil was, as it was expected from their significant difference of solubility in water. Moreover, the batch kd (or kf) sorption coefficient values were larger than their field capillary flow kd value counterparts. This discrepancy increased when the amount of organo-mineral clay increased and was also much more pronounced in this study, based on assumed capillary invasion of soil herbicide residues, than in laboratory studies carried out on mostly saturated soil columns under continuous flow conditions, but more experimental and conceptual work is required..
机译：2003年春，几天后，已在-0.2 kPa的田间使用了圆盘直径为80 mm的圆盘渗透仪，在三种质地不同但在相同气候和相同条件下干燥的耕作表土上喷洒了苯达松和异丙隆的混合物。植被条件。在本系列论文的第一部分中，我们对瞬态水流进行了表征，从而使我们能够研究田间干燥表土中互补的瞬态除草剂运输。保留在研究的表土中的初始除草剂比例从淤泥壤土（我们建议主要为毛细流）到砂壤土和粉质黏土（均建议采用毛细流和重力驱动的瞬态流的组合）明显减少。但是，我们假定毛细流主要运走除草剂残留物，但我们尝试使用毛细血管侵入理论来推断初始不饱和土壤团聚体中的阻滞因子。我们表明，土壤越黏，入侵的除草剂对入侵的水的阻滞性就越强，无论土壤如何，入侵的异丙隆都比入侵的苯达松的阻滞性强得多，这是因为它们在水中的溶解度差异很大。此外，批次kd（或kf）的吸附系数值大于其对应的现场毛细管流量kd值。当有机矿物粘土的量增加时，这种差异增加，并且基于假定的土壤除草剂残留的毛细管侵入，在本研究中该差异也比在连续流动条件下对大多数饱和土柱进行的实验室研究中更为明显，但更多需要进行实验性和概念性的工作。

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