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首页> 外文期刊>Genomics >cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase.
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cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase.

机译：新型人类丙氨酸氨基转移酶的cDNA克隆，基因组结构，染色体作图和功能表达。

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摘要

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Two ALT isoenzymes are known to exist, but only one ALT gene has been cloned, GPT. In this study, we cloned a homolog of GPT and named it GPT2, and the corresponding protein ALT2. GPT2 shares 69% identity and 78% similarity at the protein level to the previously cloned GPT. The human gene GPT2 encodes a 3.9-kb mRNA, consists of 12 exons, spanning approximately 50 kb of the genome, and maps to chromosome 16q12.1. GPT2 and GPT differ in mRNA expression in that GPT2 is highly expressed in muscle, fat, and kidney, whereas GPT is mainly expressed in kidney, liver, and heart. In addition, GPT2 seems to be the predominant form of GPT at the mRNA level in these tissues. Expression of ALT2 protein in Escherichia coli produced a functional recombinant enzyme that catalyzes alanine transamination, confirming that the enzyme is an ALT. The more abundant expression of GPT2 than GPT, especially in muscle and fat, suggests a unique and previously unrecognized role of this gene product in glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis.
机译：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）催化丙氨酸和2-氧代戊二酸之间的可逆转氨作用，形成丙酮酸和谷氨酸，因此在葡萄糖和氨基酸的中间代谢中起关键作用。已知存在两种ALT同工酶，但仅克隆了一种ALT基因GPT。在这项研究中，我们克隆了GPT的同系物，并将其命名为GPT2和相应的蛋白质ALT2。与先前克隆的GPT相比，GPT2在蛋白质水平上具有69％的同一性和78％的相似性。人类基因GPT2编码一个3.9kb的mRNA，由12个外显子组成，跨越基因组约50kb，并定位于16q12.1号染色体。 GPT2和GPT在mRNA表达方面有所不同，因为GPT2在肌肉，脂肪和肾脏中高度表达，而GPT主要在肾脏，肝脏和心脏中表达。另外，在这些组织的mRNA水平上，GPT2似乎是GPT的主要形式。 ALT2蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达产生了一种可催化丙氨酸转氨作用的功能重组酶，证实该酶为ALT。与GPT相比，GPT2的表达更为丰富，尤其是在肌肉和脂肪中，这表明该基因产物在葡萄糖，氨基酸，脂肪酸代谢和体内平衡中具有独特且以前未被认识的作用。

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