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Froude and the contribution of naval architecture to our understanding of bipedal locomotion.

机译：弗洛德（Froude）和海军建筑对我们对双足运动的理解的贡献。

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It is fascinating to think that the ideas of two 19th century naval architects could offer useful insights for 21st century scientists contemplating the exploration of our planetary system or monitoring the long-term effects of a neurosurgical procedure on gait. The Froude number, defined as Fr = v2/gL, where v is velocity, g is gravitational acceleration and L is a characteristic linear dimension (such as leg length), has found widespread application in the biomechanics of bipedal locomotion. This review of two parameters, Fr and dimensionless velocity beta = (Fr)1/2, that have served as the criterion for dynamic similarity, has been arranged in two parts: (I) historical development, including the contributions by William Froude and his son Edmund, two ship designers who lived more than 130 years ago, the classic insights of D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson who, in his magnum opus On Growth and Form, espoused the connection between mathematics and biology, and the pioneering efforts of Robert McNeill Alexander, who popularised the application of Fr to animal locomotion; and (II) selected applications, including a comparison of walking for people of different heights, exploring the effects of different gravitational fields on human locomotion, establishing the impact of pathology and the benefits of treatment, and understanding the walking patterns of bipedal robots. Although not all applications of Fr to locomotion have been covered, the review offers an important historical context for all researchers of bipedal gait, and extends the idea of dimensionless scaling of gait parameters.
机译：令人着迷的是，两位19世纪的海军建筑师的想法可以为21世纪的科学家提供有益的见解，他们正在考虑探索我们的行星系统或监测神经外科手术对步态的长期影响。弗劳德数定义为Fr = v2 / gL，其中v是速度，g是重力加速度，L是特征线性尺寸（例如腿长），已在两足动物运动的生物力学中得到广泛应用。对作为动态相似性标准的两个参数Fr和无量纲速度β=（Fr）1/2进行了回顾，分为两个部分：（I）历史发展，包括William Froude和他的著作的贡献。儿子埃德蒙（Edmund）是两位生活在130多年前的船舶设计师，他的经典见解达西·温特沃斯·汤普森（D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson）在他的巨著《增长与形式》中主张数学和生物学之间的联系以及罗伯特·麦克尼尔·亚历山大的开拓性工作，他将Fr的应用推广到动物运动中; （II）选定的应用程序，包括比较不同身高的人的步行，探索不同引力场对人体运动的影响，确定病理学的影响和治疗的益处以及了解双足机器人的步行模式。尽管并未涵盖Fr在运动中的所有应用，但该综述为所有双足步态研究人员提供了重要的历史背景，并扩展了步态参数的无量纲缩放概念。

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