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The effects of blurred vision on the mechanics of landing during stepping down by the elderly.

机译：老年人下台时视线模糊对着陆机理的影响。

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摘要

Visual impairment is an important risk factor for falls. However, relatively little is known about how visual impairment affects stair or step negotiation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of blurred vision on the mechanics of landing during stepping down by the elderly. Twelve elderly subjects (72.3 +/- 4.7 year) stepped down from three levels (7.2 cm, 14.4 cm and 21.6 cm). Step execution time, ankle and knee joint angular displacements at the instance of ground contact, and vertical landing stiffness and the amount of bodyweight supported by the contralateral (support) limb during the initial contact period were recorded. Measurements were repeated with vision blurred by light scattering lenses. With blurred vision, step execution time increased (P < 0.05), knee flexion and ankle plantar-flexion increased (P < 0.05), vertical stiffness decreased (P < 0.01), and the amount of bodyweight being supported by the contralateral leg increased (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that under conditions of blurred vision, subjects were more cautious and attempted to 'feel' their way to the floor rather than 'drop' on to it. This may have been an adaptation to increase the kinaesthetic information from the lower limb to make up for the unreliable or incomplete visual information. Correcting common visual problems such as uncorrected refractive errors and cataract may be an important intervention strategy in improving how the elderly negotiate stairs.
机译：视力障碍是跌倒的重要危险因素。但是，关于视觉障碍如何影响楼梯或步伐谈判的知识还很少。本研究的目的是确定视力模糊对老年人下台过程中着陆机理的影响。十二位老年受试者（72.3 +/- 4.7岁）从三个级别（7.2 cm，14.4 cm和21.6 cm）下调。记录步骤执行时间，地面接触时的踝关节和膝关节角位移，垂直着陆刚度以及在初始接触期间由对侧（支撑）肢体支撑的体重。重复测量，使光散射镜模糊视力。视力模糊时，步执行时间增加（P <0.05），膝关节弯曲和踝plant屈增加（P <0.05），垂直刚度降低（P <0.01），对侧腿支撑的体重增加（ P <0.05）。这些发现表明，在视力模糊的情况下，受试者会更加谨慎，并试图“感觉”到地板上的方式，而不是“跌倒”在地板上。这可能是为了增加下肢的运动信息，以弥补不可靠或不完整的视觉信息。纠正常见的视觉问题，例如未矫正的屈光不正和白内障，可能是改善老年人如何上楼梯的重要干预策略。

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