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首页> 外文期刊>Geomicrobiology journal >Accumulation and partitioning of heavy metals by bacterial cells and associated colloidal minerals, with alteration, neoformation, and selective adsorption of minerals by bacteria, in metal-polluted lake seLake Sediment
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Accumulation and partitioning of heavy metals by bacterial cells and associated colloidal minerals, with alteration, neoformation, and selective adsorption of minerals by bacteria, in metal-polluted lake seLake Sediment

机译：金属污染的湖泊湖泊沉积物中细菌细胞和相关胶体矿物对重金属的积累和分配，以及细菌对矿物的改变，新形成和选择性吸附

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Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate heavy metal accumulation and partitioning by a statistically meaningful assortment of bacteria and colloidal minerals in metal-polluted lake sediment. Visually selected external and internal parts of bacterial cells were analysed individually. Variations in element distribution and relationships provided clues to small-scale biogeochemical processes and their implications for microbial ecology. Most bacteria had mineral coatings of varying composition and texture formed by adsorption of detrital clay and precipitation of authigenic oxides and clay attributable to Fe and Al complexing by cell walls and fibrils. Fe oxide precipitated abiotically and indiscriminately on bacteria and minerals, but Mn oxide was purely biogenic, precipitating only on certain bacteria. Cell walls also complexed Cu; formation of mineral coatings interfered with Cu binding, but the coatings themselves scavenged Cu. Cu and Zn were bound preferentially by oxides, but Ni was bound mainly by clay. Many bacteria accumulated metals preferentially on cell exteriors or in cytoplasmic inclusions, implying different mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification, whose original purpose may have been to concentrate nutrient trace metals from dilute solution and regulate their proportions. Bacteria commonly employed both mechanisms, suggesting adaptation to different metal species. Preferential intake and exclusion of metals also occurred, and exterior-interior partition coefficients of metals in cells correlated with specific metal properties, revealing clues to the processes involved. In addition, bacteria were important agents of diagenesis. Besides precipitating oxides, they degraded adsorbed clay, synthesised intracellular and extracellular clay, and adsorbed clay minerals selectively.
机译：能量色散X射线显微分析和透射电子显微镜用于研究金属污染的湖沉积物中细菌和胶体矿物的统计学意义上的有意义分类，从而研究重金属的积累和分配。视觉选择细菌细胞的外部和内部部分进行单独分析。元素分布和关系的变化为小规模生物地球化学过程及其对微生物生态学的影响提供了线索。大多数细菌的矿物涂层具有不同的成分和质地，这些矿物涂层是由碎屑粘土的吸附以及自生的氧化物和粘土的沉淀所形成的，这归因于Fe和Al被细胞壁和原纤维络合。氧化铁以非生物方式和不加选择地沉淀在细菌和矿物质上，而氧化锰是纯生物成因的，仅在某些细菌上沉淀。细胞壁也使铜络合。矿物涂层的形成干扰了铜的结合，但是涂层本身清除了铜。铜和锌优先被氧化物结合，而镍主要被粘土结合。许多细菌优先将金属积累在细胞外部或细胞质内含物中，这暗示了生物富集和解毒的不同机制，其最初目的可能是从稀溶液中浓缩营养微量金属并调节其比例。细菌通常采用两种机制，这表明它们适应不同的金属种类。还发生了金属的优先摄入和排除，并且细胞中金属的内外分配系数与特定的金属特性相关，从而揭示了所涉及过程的线索。此外，细菌是成岩的重要因素。除了沉淀氧化物外，它们还降解吸附的粘土，合成细胞内和细胞外的粘土，并选择性地吸附粘土矿物。

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