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Relationships between burned area, forest cover loss, and land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon based on satellite data

机译：根据卫星数据，巴西亚马逊地区的燃烧面积，森林覆盖率损失和土地覆盖率变化之间的关系

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Fires are used as a tool in the deforestation process. Yet, the relationship between fire and deforestation may vary temporally and spatially depending on the type of deforestation and climatic conditions. This study evaluates spatiotemporal dynamics of deforestation and fire represented by burned area over the 2002-2012 period in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. As a first step, we compared newly available Landsat-based maps of gross forest cover loss from the Global Forest Change (GFC) project with maps of deforestation extent from the Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project (PRODES) produced by the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE). As a second step, we rescaled the Landsat-based data to the 500m resolution of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area data (MCD64A1) and stratified this using MODIS land cover data to study the role of burned area in forest cover loss and deforestation. We found that while GFC forest cover loss and PRODES deforestation generally agreed on spatial and temporal dynamics, there were several key differences between the data sets. Both showed a decrease in the extent of forest cover loss or deforestation after 2004, but the drop was larger and more continuous in PRODES than in GFC. The observed decrease in forest cover loss or deforestation rates over our study period was mainly due to lower clearing rates in the evergreen broadleaf forests in the states of Mato Grosso, Para, and Rondonia. GFC indicated anomalously high forest cover loss in the years 2007 and 2010, which was not reported by PRODES. The burned area data indicated that this was predominantly related to increased burned area occurring outside of the tropical forest area during these dry years, mainly in Para. This indicated that fire and forest loss dynamics in woodlands or secondary forests may be equally important as deforestation in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In addition to the decrease in forest cover loss rates, we also found that post-deforestation fire use declined; burned area within 5 years after forest cover loss decreased from 54 to 39% during our study period.
机译：火灾被用作毁林过程中的工具。然而，取决于森林砍伐的类型和气候条件，火灾与森林砍伐之间的关系可能会在时间和空间上发生变化。这项研究评估了2002-2012年巴西法定亚马逊河地区以烧毁面积为代表的森林砍伐和火灾的时空动态。第一步，我们将全球森林变化（GFC）项目中新获得的基于Landsat的森林覆盖总量损失图与巴西国家空间研究所的亚马逊森林砍伐监测项目（PRODES）中的森林砍伐程度图进行了比较（INPE）。第二步，我们将基于Landsat的数据重新缩放为中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）燃烧面积数据（MCD64A1）的500m分辨率，并使用MODIS土地覆盖数据对其进行分层，以研究燃烧面积在森林覆盖率损失中的作用和森林砍伐。我们发现，尽管GFC森林覆盖率的损失和PRODES的砍伐森林在空间和时间动态上普遍一致，但数据集之间存在一些关键差异。两者都显示出2004年后森林覆盖率丧失或森林砍伐的程度有所下降，但是PRODES的下降幅度更大，而且比全球金融危机更为连续。在我们的研究期间，观察到的森林覆盖率下降或森林砍伐率下降的主要原因是马托格罗索州，帕拉州和朗多尼亚州常绿阔叶林的砍伐率较低。 GFC指出2007年和2010年的森林覆盖率异常高，而PRODES并未报告。烧毁面积数据表明，这主要与这些干旱年份在热带森林地区以外发生的烧毁面积增加有关，主要在帕拉州。这表明，在调节大气中的二氧化碳浓度方面，林地或次生林中的火灾和森林流失动态可能与森林砍伐同样重要。除了减少森林覆盖率下降外，我们还发现森林砍伐后的火灾使用减少了;在我们的研究期间，森林覆盖率丧失后5年内的森林面积从54％下降到39％。

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