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首页> 外文期刊>Genetics research international >Importance of Genetic Diversity Assessment in Crop Plants and Its Recent Advances: An Overview of Its Analytical Perspectives
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Importance of Genetic Diversity Assessment in Crop Plants and Its Recent Advances: An Overview of Its Analytical Perspectives

机译：作物遗传多样性评估的重要性及其最新进展：分析视角概述

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The importance of plant genetic diversity (PGD) is now being recognized as a specific area since exploding population with urbanization and decreasing cultivable lands are the critical factors contributing to food insecurity in developing world. Agricultural scientists realized that PGD can be captured and stored in the form of plant genetic resources (PGR) such as gene bank, DNA library, and so forth, in the biorepository which preserve genetic material for long period. However, conserved PGR must be utilized for crop improvement in order to meet future global challenges in relation to food and nutritional security. This paper comprehensively reviews four important areas; (i) the significance of plant genetic diversity (PGD) and PGR especially on agriculturally important crops (mostly field crops); (ii) risk associated with narrowing the genetic base of current commercial cultivars and climate change; (iii) analysis of existing PGD analytical methods in pregenomic and genomic era; and (iv) modern tools available for PGD analysis in postgenomic era. This discussion benefits the plant scientist community in order to use the new methods and technology for better and rapid assessment, for utilization of germplasm from gene banks to their applied breeding programs. With the advent of new biotechnological techniques, this process of genetic manipulation is now being accelerated and carried out with more precision (neglecting environmental effects) and fast-track manner than the classical breeding techniques. It is also to note that gene banks look into several issues in order to improve levels of germplasm distribution and its utilization, duplication of plant identity, and access to database, for prebreeding activities. Since plant breeding research and cultivar development are integral components of improving food production, therefore, availability of and access to diverse genetic sources will ensure that the global food production network becomes more sustainable. The pros and cons of the basic and advanced statistical tools available for measuring genetic diversity are briefly discussed and their source links (mostly) were provided to get easy access; thus, it improves the understanding of tools and its practical applicability to the researchers.
机译：植物遗传多样性（PGD）的重要性现已被确认为一个特定领域，因为随着城市化进程人口激增和耕地减少是造成发展中国家粮食不安全的关键因素。农业科学家意识到，PGD可以以植物遗传资源（PGR）的形式捕获和存储，例如基因库，DNA文库等，并可以长期保存遗传物质。但是，必须利用保守的植物遗传资源改良作物，以应对未来在粮食和营养安全方面的全球挑战。本文全面回顾了四个重要领域。 （i）植物遗传多样性（PGD）和植物遗传资源的重要性，特别是在农业重要作物（主要是大田作物）上; （ii）与缩小目前商业品种的遗传基础和气候变化有关的风险; （iii）分析前基因组和基因组时代的现有PGD分析方法; （iv）后基因组时代可用于PGD分析的现代工具。该讨论对植物科学家社区有益，以便使用新方法和技术更好，更快速地进行评估，并将基因库中的种质资源用于其应用的育种程序。随着新的生物技术技术的出现，与传统的育种技术相比，这种基因操纵的过程正在加速并以更高的精度（忽略环境影响）和快速的方式进行。还应注意的是，基因库研究了几个问题，以提高种质分布和利用水平，重复植物身份以及进入数据库进行预育活动。由于植物育种研究和品种开发是改善粮食生产的不可或缺的组成部分，因此，各种遗传资源的可得性和可及性将确保全球粮食生产网络变得更加可持续。简要讨论了可用于测量遗传多样性的基本和高级统计工具的优缺点，并提供了它们的来源链接（主要是），以便于获取;因此，它提高了对工具的理解及其对研究人员的实际适用性。

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