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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of Volcanology: Journal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth s Interior >Combined electromagnetic, geochemical and thermal surveys of Taal volcano (Philippines) during the period 2005-2006
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Combined electromagnetic, geochemical and thermal surveys of Taal volcano (Philippines) during the period 2005-2006

机译：2005-2006年期间塔尔火山（菲律宾）的电磁，地球化学和热能综合调查

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摘要

Since 1572, 33 phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruptions have occurred on Taal volcano (Philippines), some of them causing several hundred casualties. Considering the time delay between two consecutive eruptions, there is an 88% probability that Taal volcano should have already erupted. Since 1992, several phases of seismic activity have been recorded accompanied by ground deformation, opening of fissures, and surface activity. The volcanic activity of Taal appears to be controlled by dike injections and magma supply, buffered by a hydrothermal system that releases fluids and heat through boiling and subsequent steaming. In early 2005, a multidisciplinary project was launched for studying the hydrothermal activity. To map the hydrothermal system, combined surveys were carried out to investigate self-potential, total magnetic field, ground temperature and carbon dioxide soil degassing, along with satellite thermal imaging of the Main Crater Lake. The elevated temperatures and high concentrations of carbon dioxide, as well as electromagnetic anomalies, indicate large-scale hydrothermal degassing. This process is enhanced along the tectonic features (e.g., crater rim and faults) of the volcano, while active fissures opened along the E-W northern flank during the 1992-1994 seismic activity. Heat and fluids from the hydrothermal system are essentially released in the northern part of the crater, which is bounded to the South by a suspected NW-SE fault along which seismicity seems to take place, and dikes are thought to be intruded. During the January 2005 surveys, a new seismic crisis started, and the felt earthquakes prompted spontaneous evacuation of hundreds of inhabitants living on the volcano. Repeated surveys show changes of self-potential, total magnetic field, and ground temperature with time, without any noticeable spatial enlargement. These observations suggest that the northern flank located between the crater rim and the 1992-1994 fissures is connected with a deep thermal source in Main crater and is reactivated during seismic crises. This sector could be subjected to flank failure.
机译：自1572年以来，塔尔火山（菲律宾）发生了33次从浅岩到岩浆的喷发，其中一些造成数百人伤亡。考虑到两次连续喷发之间的时间延迟，塔尔火山应该已经喷发的概率为88％。自1992年以来，已记录了地震活动的几个阶段，包括地面变形，裂缝打开和地表活动。塔尔（Taal）的火山活动似乎受到堤坝注入和岩浆供应的控制，并受热液系统缓冲，该系统通过煮沸和随后的蒸腾释放出流体和热量。 2005年初，启动了一个多学科项目来研究热液活动。为了绘制水热系统的图，进行了联合调查，以研究主火山口湖的自势，总磁场，地温和二氧化碳土壤脱气，以及卫星热成像。高温和高浓度的二氧化碳以及电磁异常表明大规模的热液脱气。在1992-1994年地震活动期间，沿着E-W北部翼的活动裂缝打开了，沿着火山的构造特征（例如火山口边缘和断层）增强了这一过程。来自热液系统的热量和流体基本上在火山口的北部释放，该火山口的北部与南部的NW-SE断层相连，似乎发生了地震活动，并认为堤防被侵入。在2005年1月的调查中，新的地震危机开始了，毛毡地震促使数百名居住在火山上的居民自发撤离。重复的调查显示自电位，总磁场和地温随时间的变化，而没有任何明显的空间扩大。这些观察结果表明，位于火山口边缘和1992-1994年裂隙之间的北翼与主火山口中的一个深层热源相连，并在地震危机中重新激活。该扇区可能遭受侧面故障。

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