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首页> 外文期刊>Gesunde Pflanzen >The soil-borne viruses of wheat and rye in Europe -- an increasing problem which can be minimised by agricultural measures and growing of resistant cultivars.
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The soil-borne viruses of wheat and rye in Europe -- an increasing problem which can be minimised by agricultural measures and growing of resistant cultivars.

机译：在欧洲，小麦和黑麦的土壤传播病毒-一个日益严重的问题，可以通过农业措施和种植抗性品种来减少。

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摘要

In several countries of Europe soil-borne cereal mosaic furovirus (SBCMV) and wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus (WSSMV) have become increasingly important as pathogens of cereals since the 1980s. In France, Italy and England both viruses only infected wheat (Triticum aestivum, T. turgidum). The occurrence of biotypes of the vector Polymyxa graminis specifically infecting rye and the generally late sowing dates of winter wheat are supposed to be reasons why in Germany wheat was only very rarelyinfected by SBCMV. It can be expected that earlier sowing dates of wheat than used now will probably also here enhance the spread of these viruses in wheat growing areas. From results of investigations during the past few years it may be concluded that yield losses can be successfully minimised by growing resistant cultivars. Two types of resistance were detected in wheat: immunity to WSSMV and tolerance to SBCMV. Several French and German cultivars were identified which combine both types of resistance. As far as known in rye apparently no immunity but tolerance to both viruses is available. For determining types of resistance and for selecting resistant cultivars the use of standardised methods is urgently needed.
机译：自1980年代以来，在欧洲的一些国家，土源性谷物花叶病毒（SBCMV）和小麦梭条花叶病毒（WSSMV）作为谷物的病原体变得越来越重要。在法国，意大利和英国，这两种病毒都只感染小麦（小麦，T。turgidum）。据推测，特异地感染黑麦的矢量多粘粒生物型的出现以及冬小麦的播种日期通常都较晚，这是在德国小麦很少受到SBCMV感染的原因。可以预料，现在播种的小麦比现在播种的日期早，这也可能会增强这些病毒在小麦产区的传播。从过去几年的调查结果可以得出结论，通过种植抗性品种可以成功地使产量损失最小化。在小麦中检测到两种类型的抗性：对WSSMV的免疫力和对SBCMV的耐受性。确定了几种法国和德国品种，它们结合了两种类型的抗性。据黑麦所知，显然没有免疫力，但对两种病毒都有耐受性。为了确定抗性类型和选择抗性品种，迫切需要使用标准化方法。

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