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首页> 外文期刊>Gesunde Pflanzen >The Nature of Sorghum Halepense (L.) Pers. Spatial Distribution Patterns in Tomato Cropping Fields
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The Nature of Sorghum Halepense (L.) Pers. Spatial Distribution Patterns in Tomato Cropping Fields

机译：高粱Halepense（L.）Pers的性质。番茄田间的空间分布格局

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Spatial distribution of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. populations was assessed in tomato cropping fields in a total of 11 commercial fields (93 ha). Weed infestation was visually assessed from the cabin of a tractor after harvesting, using a three category ranking, 'high', 'low', and 'no presence', through infestation maps. Crop management factors as well as intrinsic parameters of patches were collected and calculated. The proportion of the field infested with low and high S. halepense densities, patch anisotropy, the effect of field borders and field topography were studied. On average, 5 and 3 % of the surveyed area was infested with high and low densities, respectively. The majority of patches were of small size and most of the infested area wasconcentrated in a few large patches with irregular shape. Small patches, those with less than 50 m2, represented 70% of the total number of detected patches. However, they only accounted for the 3 % of infested area. Tillage operations showed a great influence on patch shape, producing patches twice longer in the direction of tillage than perpendicular to tillage. This result revealed the influence of human operations in S. halepense spreading. The effect of edges also had a great influence in patch expansion. Patches in contact with a field border were almost five times longer than their width in the direction of tillage. Also, the effect of borders stimulated the infestation. Areas closer to the borders had a higher risk of S. halepense infestation than zones in the center of the fields. In addition, patches tended to increase complexity the big-ger they became, with a progressive shrinkage in the ratio area/perimeter. The influence of location within the field revealed that higher levels of infestation were found on the lowest and closest areas to riverbeds, in areas with flooding risk. Characterizing the location of S. halepense patches after harvesting offers a precise and cheap method for the construction of weed maps, which can be used for site-specific treatments and description of weed spatial biology.
机译：高粱halepense（L.）Pers的空间分布。在总共11个商业用地（93公顷）的番茄种植地中对种群进行了评估。收获后，从拖拉机驾驶室目视评估杂草侵染情况，并通过侵扰图使用“高”，“低”和“不存在”三类等级。收集和计算作物管理因素以及斑块的内在参数。研究了高，低半致密沙门氏菌密度侵染的田间比例，斑块各向异性，田间边界效应和田间地形。平均而言，高密度和低密度的被调查区域分别感染了5％和3％。大部分斑块的尺寸很小，大部分被感染的区域都集中在一些形状不规则的大斑块中。面积小于50平方米的小补丁占检测到的补丁总数的70％。但是，它们仅占出没面积的3％。耕作操作对斑块形状有很大影响，在耕作方向上产生的斑块是垂直于耕作方向的两倍。该结果揭示了人类操作对哈氏链球菌传播的影响。边缘的影响也对面片扩展产生很大影响。与田间边界接触的斑块在耕作方向上的宽度几乎是其宽度的五倍。同样，边界的影响也加剧了这种侵扰。靠近边界的地区比田间中心地区的沙门氏菌感染风险更高。另外，斑块趋向于随着它们变得更大而增加复杂性，并且面积/周长之比逐渐减小。田间位置的影响表明，在有洪灾风险的地区中，在河床最低和最接近的地区发现了较高的侵扰程度。在收获后表征哈尔滨链霉菌斑的位置为杂草图的构建提供了一种精确而廉价的方法，该方法可用于特定地点的处理和杂草空间生物学的描述。

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