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Fluid–structure interaction in compliant insect wings

机译：顺应性昆虫翅膀中的流固耦合

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Insect wings deform significantly during flight. As a result, wings act as aeroelastic structures wherein both the driving motion of the structure and the aerodynamic loading of the surrounding fluid potentially interact to modify wing shape. We explore two key issues associated with the design of compliant wings: over a range of driving frequencies and phases of pitch-heave actuation, how does wing stiffness influence (1) the lift and thrust generated and (2) the relative importance of fluid loading on the shape of the wing? In order to examine a wide range of parameters relevant to insect flight, we develop a computationally efficient, two-dimensional model that couples point vortex methods for fluid force computations with structural finite element methods to model the fluid–structure interaction of a wing in air. We vary the actuation frequency, phase of actuation, and flexural stiffness over a range that encompasses values measured for a number of insect taxa (10–90 Hz; 0-π rad; 10~(?7)–10~(?5)Nm~2).We show that the coefficients of lift and thrust are maximized at the first and second structural resonant frequencies of the system. We also show that even in regions of structural resonance, fluid loading never contributes more than 20% to the development of flight forces.
机译：昆虫的翅膀在飞行过程中会明显变形。结果，机翼充当气动弹性结构，其中，该结构的驱动运动和周围流体的气动载荷都可能相互作用以改变机翼形状。我们探索与顺应性机翼设计相关的两个关键问题：在一定的驱动频率和俯仰升力致动阶段，机翼刚度如何影响（1）产生的升力和推力以及（2）流体载荷的相对重要性在机翼的形状上？为了检查与昆虫飞行相关的各种参数，我们开发了一种计算效率高的二维模型，该模型将用于流体力计算的点涡旋方法与结构有限元方法相结合，以模拟机翼在空气中的流体-结构相互作用。我们在一定范围内改变驱动频率，驱动相位和抗弯刚度，该范围包括为多个昆虫分类群（10–90 Hz;0-πrad; 10〜（？7）–10〜（？5））测量的值Nm〜2）。我们证明升力和推力系数在系统的第一和第二结构共振频率处达到最大。我们还表明，即使在结构共振区域，流体载荷对飞行力的贡献也永远不会超过20％。

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