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Differential pressure distribution measurement with an MEMS sensor on a free-flying butterfly wing

机译：在自由飞行的蝴蝶翼上使用MEMS传感器进行压差分布测量

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摘要

An insect can perform various flight maneuvers. However, the aerodynamic force generated by real insect wings during free flight has never been measured directly. In this study, we present the direct measurement of the four points of the differential pressures acting on the wing surface of a flying insect. A small-scale differential pressure sensor of 1.0mm × 1.0mm× 0.3mm in size was developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and was attached to a butterfly wing. Total weight of the sensor chip and the flexible electrode on the wing was 4.5mg, which was less than 10% of the wing weight. Four points on the wing were chosen as measurement points, and one sensor chip was attached in each flight experiment. During takeoff, the wing's flapping motion induced a periodic and symmetric differential pressure between upstroke and downstroke. The average absolute value of the local differential pressure differed significantly with the location: 7.4 Pa at the forewing tip, 5.5 Pa at the forewing center, 2.1 Pa at the forewing root and 2.1 Pa at the hindwing center. The instantaneous pressure at the forewing tip reached 10 Pa, which was ten times larger than wing loading of the butterfly.
机译：昆虫可以执行各种飞行操作。但是，从未直接测量过真实昆虫翅膀在自由飞行期间产生的空气动力。在这项研究中，我们对作用在飞行昆虫的机翼表面上的压差的四个点进行了直接测量。使用微机电系统（MEMS）开发了尺寸为1.0mm×1.0mm×0.3mm的小型差压传感器，并将其安装在蝴蝶翼上。机翼上的传感器芯片和柔性电极的总重量为4.5mg，不到机翼重量的10％。选择机翼上的四个点作为测量点，并在每个飞行实验中连接一个传感器芯片。在起飞期间，机翼的拍打运动在上冲程和下冲程之间引起了周期性且对称的压差。局部压差的平均绝对值因位置而异：前尖端为7.4 Pa，前尖端为5.5 Pa，前根为2.1 Pa，后翼中心为2.1 Pa。前爪的瞬时压力达到10 Pa，比蝴蝶的机翼载荷大十倍。

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