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首页> 外文期刊>Global change biology >Disparate effects of global-change drivers on mountain conifer forests: warming-induced growth enhancement in young trees vs. CO2 fertilization in old trees from wet sites
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Disparate effects of global-change drivers on mountain conifer forests: warming-induced growth enhancement in young trees vs. CO2 fertilization in old trees from wet sites

机译：全球变化驱动因素对高山针叶林的不同影响：变暖引起的幼树生长促进与湿地老树的CO2施肥

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Theory predicts that the postindustrial rise in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere (c(a)) should enhance tree growth either through a direct fertilization effect or indirectly by improving water use efficiency in dry areas. However, this hypothesis has received little support in cold-limited and subalpine forests where positive growth responses to either rising c(a) or warmer temperatures are still under debate. In this study, we address this issue by analyzing an extensive dendrochronological network of high-elevation Pinus uncinata forests in Spain (28 sites, 544 trees) encompassing the whole biogeographical extent of the species. We determine if the basal area increment (BAI) trends are linked to climate warming and increased c(a) by focusing on region- and age-dependent responses. The largest improvement in BAI over the past six centuries occurred during the last 150years affecting young trees and being driven by recent warming. Indeed, most studied regions and age classes presented BAI patterns mainly controlled by temperature trends, while growing-season precipitation was only relevant in the driest sites. Growth enhancement was linked to rising c(a) in mature (151-300year-old trees) and old-mature trees (301-450year-old trees) from the wettest sites only. This finding implies that any potential fertilization effect of elevated c(a) on forest growth is contingent on tree features that vary with ontogeny and it depends on site conditions (for instance water availability). Furthermore, we found widespread growth decline in drought-prone sites probably indicating that the rise in c(a) did not compensate for the reduction in water availability. Thus, warming-triggered drought stress may become a more important direct driver of growth than rising c(a) in similar subalpine forests. We argue that broad approaches in biogeographical and temporal terms are required to adequately evaluate any effect of rising c(a) on forest growth.
机译：理论预测，工业后大气中CO2浓度的升高（c（a））应通过直接施肥效应或通过改善干旱地区的用水效率来间接促进树木生长。但是，这种假说在寒冷地区和亚高山森林中几乎没有得到支持，那里对c（a）升高或温度升高的积极增长反应仍在争论中。在这项研究中，我们通过分析西班牙高海拔松林的广泛树序网络（28个站点，544棵树）解决了这个问题，涵盖了该物种的整个生物地理范围。我们通过关注区域和年龄相关的响应来确定基础面积增加（BAI）趋势是否与气候变暖和c（a）增加相关。在过去的六个世纪中，BAI的最大改善发生在过去的150年中，它影响了幼树并受到近期变暖的推动。的确，大多数研究区域和年龄组的BAI模式主要受温度趋势控制，而生长季节降水仅在最干燥的地区相关。仅在最潮湿的地方，成熟的树木（151-300年树龄）和成熟的树木（301-450年树龄）的c（a）增长与生长增强有关。这一发现暗示，升高的c（a）对森林生长的任何潜在的施肥效果取决于随个体发育而变化的树木特征，并且取决于场地条件（例如水的可利用性）。此外，我们发现干旱多发地区的增长普遍下降，这可能表明c（a）的上升并不能弥补水资源的减少。因此，在相似的亚高山森林中，变暖触发的干旱胁迫可能比c（a）的升高成为更重要的直接增长动力。我们认为，需要使用生物地理学和时间学方面的广泛方法来充分评估c（a）上升对森林生长的任何影响。

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