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Carbon-based secondary and structural compounds in Mediterranean shrubs growing near a natural CO2 spring

机译：在天然二氧化碳春季附近生长的地中海灌木中的碳基次要和结构化合物

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摘要

We studied carbon-based secondary and structural compounds (CBSSCs) in Myrtus communis, Erica arborea, and Juniperus communis co-occurring in a natural CO2 spring site and in a nearby control site in a Mediterranean environment. Leaf concentrations of phenolics and CBSSCs, such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNCs), and lipids were measured monthly (phenolics) and every two months (the other compounds) throughout a year. There was a slight seasonal trend towards maximum concentrations of most of these CBSSCs during autumn-winter and minimum values during the spring season, particularly in Myrtus communis . For most of the CBSSCs and species, there were no consistent or significant patterns in response to the elevated [CO2 ] (c. 700 mumol mol(-1) ) of the spring site. These results were not due to a dilution effect by increased structural or nonstructural carbon. Therefore, in contrast to many experimental studies of CO2 enrichment, mainly conducted for short periods, there were no greater concentrations of phenolics, and, as in many of these studies, there were neither greater concentrations of the other CBSSCs. These results do not agree with the predictions of the carbon source-sink hypotheses. Possible causes of this disagreement are discussed. These causes include the complex heterogeneous environmental conditions and the variability of resource availabilities in the field, photosynthetic down-regulation, and/or the homeostatic and evolutionary nature of organisms. These results suggest evolutionary adaptive responses to changes in CO2 . They also suggest caution in attributing increased CBSSC concentrations to elevated [CO2 ] at long-term scale in natural conditions, and therefore in their implications for plant-herbivore interactions and for decomposition.
机译：我们研究了在自然CO2春季站点和地中海环境中附近的控制站点同时发生的Myrtus communis，Erica arborea和Juniperus communis中碳基的二级和结构化合物（CBSSC）。一年中每月（酚醛）和每两个月（其他化合物）测量一次酚类和CBSSC（例如木质素，纤维素和半纤维素，总非结构性碳水化合物（TNCs）和脂质）的叶子浓度。这些CBSSCs的大多数浓度在秋冬期间有一个轻微的季节性趋势，在春季特别是桃金娘（Myrtus communis）达到最大值。对于大多数CBSSCs和物种，对春季站点升高的[CO2]（c。700 mumol mol（-1））没有响应，没有一致或明显的模式。这些结果不是由于结构碳或非结构碳增加的稀释作用所致。因此，与许多主要在短期内进行的富集CO2的实验研究相反，苯酚类化合物的浓度没有更高，并且像其中许多研究一样，其他CBSSC的浓度也没有更高。这些结果与碳源汇假设的预测不一致。讨论了导致这种分歧的可能原因。这些原因包括复杂的异质环境条件和田间资源利用的可变性，光合作用的下调和/或生物的体内平衡和进化特性。这些结果表明对二氧化碳变化的进化适应性反应。他们还建议在自然条件下长期将CBSSC浓度升高归因于[CO2]升高，因此应谨慎对待其对植物-草食动物相互作用和分解的影响。

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