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首页> 外文期刊>Global ecology and biogeography >Historical assemblage distinctiveness and the introduction of widespread non-native species explain worldwide changes in freshwater fish taxonomic dissimilarity.
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Historical assemblage distinctiveness and the introduction of widespread non-native species explain worldwide changes in freshwater fish taxonomic dissimilarity.

机译：历史组合的独特性和广泛的非本地物种的引入解释了淡水鱼生物分类学差异的全球变化。

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Aim: Taxonomic dissimilarity between assemblages can result from two processes - the replacement of species (turnover) and differences in richness - but it remains unclear how anthropogenic drivers (introductions and extirpations) affect these processes. Here, we investigate how historical patterns and anthropogenic drivers shape the changes in dissimilarity and its turnover component in freshwater fish assemblages both in historical (i.e. pre-industrial) times and at the present day. Location: World-wide. Methods: We used a global database of fish assemblages in 1054 river basins throughout the world to quantify the change in turnover through its contribution to taxonomic dissimilarity between the two periods. We then used random forests to disentangle the relative roles of historical distinctiveness, species introductions and species extirpations on changes in dissimilarity and on the contribution of its turnover component. Results: The pairs of basins exhibited a decrease in the contribution of turnover to taxonomic dissimilarity of 82% and 61% in homogenized and differentiated pairs, respectively. The historical number of shared species and its change after species introductions and extirpations accounted for more than 60% of the change in dissimilarity and in the turnover contribution in the six biogeographical realms. Main conclusions: The historically high distinctiveness between pairs of basins, due to a low number of shared species, has promoted high levels of taxonomic dissimilarity. The world-wide changes in taxonomic dissimilarity among fish assemblages are to a large extent coupled to a decrease in the contribution of taxonomic turnover to taxonomic dissimilarity. Hence, the dissimilarity between assemblages declines with decreasing species replacement. These changes are mainly explained by introductions of a small set of widespread non-native species, which promote an increase in the number of shared species. Alongside historical distinctiveness, species introduction processes can determine whether assemblages become more homogenized or more differentiated. Our results suggest that taxonomic differentiation can quickly turn to homogenization as the number of species introductions increase.
机译：目的：不同物种之间的分类学差异可能源于两个过程-物种的替换（周转）和丰富度的差异-但目前尚不清楚人为驱动因素（引进和灭绝）如何影响这些过程。在这里，我们研究历史模式和人为驱动因素如何在历史时期（即工业化之前）和今天如何改变淡水鱼组合中相异性的变化及其周转分量。地点：全球。方法：我们使用了全球1054个流域鱼类种群的全球数据库，通过其对两个时期之间分类学差异的贡献来量化营业额的变化。然后，我们使用随机森林来区分历史独特性，物种引进和物种灭绝在相异性变化及其周转成分的贡献方面的相对作用。结果：在均质化和差异化对中，成对的盆地的营业额对分类学差异的贡献分别降低了82％和61％。共有物种的历史数量及其在引入和灭绝后的变化占六个生物地理领域异质性和营业额贡献变化的60％以上。主要结论：由于共有物种的数量少，成对的盆地之间历史上的高区分性促进了高度的分类学差异。鱼群之间生物分类差异的全球变化在很大程度上与生物分类转换对生物分类差异的贡献减少有关。因此，组合之间的差异随着物种替换的减少而减少。这些变化主要是通过引入少量的广泛分布的非本地物种来解释的，这些物种促进了共有物种的数量增加。除了历史上的独特性外，物种引入过程还可以确定组合是否变得更加同质化或差异化。我们的结果表明，随着物种引入数量的增加，分类学分化可以迅速转向同质化。

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