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首页> 外文期刊>Grass and forage science: the journal of the British Grassland Society. >The morphological and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) to variable water availability.
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The morphological and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) to variable water availability.

机译：多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.），cock（Dactylis glomerata L.）和高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb .; syn。Schedonorus phoenix Scop。）的形态和生理响应对可变的水利用率。

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摘要

There is a growing interest in the use of deficit irrigation and perennial pasture species other than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in temperate agriculture, in response to the decreasing availability of irrigation water. Deficit irrigation requires an understanding of plant responses to drought stress to ensure maximum dry-matter return on water applied. A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate some of the morphological and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) to varied moisture availability. One water treatment involved frequent applications of water to maintain a soil water potential of approximately -10 kPa (100% treatment), and three other treatments involved applications at the same frequency, but using 33, 66 or 133% of the water applied in the 100% treatment. The water treatments continued over two plant regrowth cycles, followed by a 'recovery' phase of a single regrowth cycle during which all plants received the same water allocation as the 100% treatment. Depletion and replenishment of stubble water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) differed between the three species in response to soil moisture availability. By the second regrowth cycle, stubble WSC concentration and content in moisture-stressed cocksfoot plants had increased, followed by a decrease during the subsequent recovery phase when the stored WSC reserves were utilized to support regrowth. The changes in stubble WSC reserves corresponded to the maintenance of relatively stable (i.e. the smallest reduction in leaf DM in response to moisture stress), but consistently lower DM production for cocksfoot compared with the other species. In contrast, moisture stress had no effect on the stubble WSC reserves of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, with the exception of a significant decrease in WSC concentration under the 33% water treatment for perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass achieved an intermediate DM yield and maintained positive growth rates throughout the study, even when watered at 33% of the requirement for optimal soil moisture levels. However, a more pronounced reduction in leaf DM in plants under moisture stress compared with the other species, combined with declining WSC reserves and the death of daughter tillers, highlighted the vulnerability of perennial ryegrass to poor persistence under prolonged drought conditions. Tall fescue appeared to have the greatest scope under moisture stress in terms of maintaining productivity and displaying attributes that contribute to persistence. Its leaf DM was consistently greater than that of the other species, displaying a smaller decline in growth under water stress compared to perennial ryegrass and an ability to recover faster upon re-watering. This study has expanded the information available that compares and defines the potential of each species under moisture stress and emphasizes the importance of balancing short-term DM production with long-term persistence in choice of pasture species.
机译：由于灌溉用水的减少，人们对温带农业中的多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）以外的其他多年生牧草和赤字灌溉越来越感兴趣。亏缺灌溉需要了解植物对干旱胁迫的反应，以确保所用水的最大干物质回报。进行了温室研究，以调查多年生黑麦草，鸡足（Dactylis glomerata L.）和高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb。; Sy。Schedonorus phoenix Scop。）对不同水分供应的形态和生理响应。一种水处理涉及频繁施用水以保持大约-10 kPa的土壤水势（100％处理），而其他三种处理涉及以相同频率施用，但使用了33％，66％或133％的水。 100％治疗。水处理在两个植物再生周期中继续进行，随后是单个再生循环的“恢复”阶段，在此阶段中，所有植物均获得与100％处理相同的水分分配。三种残茬水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）的消耗和补给因土壤水分的可利用性而异。到第二个再生周期，水分紧迫的赤足植物中的残茬WSC浓度和含量增加，随后的恢复阶段则下降了，这时已存储的WSC储备用于支持再生。残茬WSC储量的变化与维持相对稳定相对应（即，因水分胁迫而使叶片DM降低最小），但与其他物种相比，持续增长的cock脚DM产量较低。相反，水分胁迫对多年生黑麦草和高羊茅的残茬WSC储藏没有影响，但多年生黑麦草在33％的水处理下WSC浓度显着下降。多年生黑麦草在整个研究中均达到了中等水平的干物质产量，并保持了正的增长率，即使以最佳土壤水分含量的33％浇水也是如此。但是，与其他物种相比，水分胁迫下植物叶片DM的减少更为明显，加上WSC储量的下降和子till的死亡，这突出了多年生黑麦草在长期干旱条件下易受持久性影响的脆弱性。就保持生产力和显示有助于持久性的特性而言，高羊茅在水分胁迫下似乎具有最大的作用范围。与多年生黑麦草相比，其叶片DM始终大于其他物种的DM，在水分胁迫下显示出较小的生长下降，并且在重新浇水后能够更快恢复。这项研究扩展了可比较和定义每种物种在水分胁迫下的潜力的可用信息，并强调了平衡短期DM生产与长期坚持选择牧场物种的重要性。

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