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首页> 外文期刊>Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift >Possibilities and limitations in veterinary vaccine development using the example of classical swine fever. [German]Original Title Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Impfstoffentwicklung in der Veterinarmedizin am Beispiel der Klassischen Schweinepest.
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Possibilities and limitations in veterinary vaccine development using the example of classical swine fever. [German]Original Title Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Impfstoffentwicklung in der Veterinarmedizin am Beispiel der Klassischen Schweinepest.

机译：以经典猪瘟为例，在兽医疫苗开发中的可能性和局限性。 [德语]以经典猪瘟为例，兽药中疫苗开发的可能性和局限性。

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The use of vaccines is still one of the most effective tools to control infectious diseases. Up to now, conventional vaccines are employed in the majority of cases. Drawbacks of these established vaccines include the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA or marker strategy), limitations in the efficacy spectrum, and constraints and restrictions in production. For this reason, new vaccines, which do not show these disadvantages, are under development, especially for notifiable diseases such as classical swine fever (CSF). In principle, the following modern vaccine types can be differentiated: recombinant attenuated vaccines, recombinant inactivated vaccines or subunit vaccines, vector vaccines, and DNA/RNA vaccines. During the last years, especially attenuated deletion vaccines or chimeric constructs have shown potential. Under field conditions, all marker vaccines have to be accompanied by a potent test system. Particularly this point often shows weaknesses. Alternative vaccine candidates are so far only prototypes and licensing is only a medium term possibility. Moreover, most of these vaccines are genetically engineered and can be problematic in terms of licensing and the public's acceptance. In conclusion, conventional vaccines still present the standard, especially in terms of efficacy. Yet, only vaccines with DIVA properties are feasible for the control of CSF. Thus, development and assessment of alternative vaccines is of paramount importance. The present overview summarizes concepts and vaccine types using the example of classical swine fever. It also recapitulates their advantages and disadvantages as well as their limitations.
机译：疫苗的使用仍然是控制传染病的最有效工具之一。到目前为止，大多数情况下都使用常规疫苗。这些已建立的疫苗的缺点包括缺乏与疫苗接种动物区别的感染能力（DIVA或标记策略），功效范围的限制以及生产的限制和限制。因此，正在开发没有这些缺点的新疫苗，特别是针对诸如猪瘟（CSF）等可报告疾病的疫苗。原则上，可以区分以下现代疫苗类型：重组减毒疫苗，重组灭活疫苗或亚单位疫苗，载体疫苗和DNA / RNA疫苗。在过去的几年中，特别是减毒的缺失疫苗或嵌合构建物已显示出潜力。在野外条件下，所有标记疫苗都必须配备有效的测试系统。特别是这一点通常显示出弱点。到目前为止，替代疫苗的候选者仅仅是原型，而许可只是中期的可能性。而且，这些疫苗大多数是基因工程的，在许可和公众接受方面可能会出现问题。总之，常规疫苗仍然是标准，特别是在功效方面。但是，只有具有DIVA特性的疫苗才可用于控制CSF。因此，开发和评估替代疫苗至关重要。本概述以经典猪瘟为例总结了概念和疫苗类型。它还概述了它们的优缺点和局限性。

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