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首页> 外文期刊>Growth and Change >Critical Transport Infrastructure in Urban Areas: Impacts of Traffic Incidents Assessed Using Accessibility-Based Network Vulnerability Analysis
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Critical Transport Infrastructure in Urban Areas: Impacts of Traffic Incidents Assessed Using Accessibility-Based Network Vulnerability Analysis

机译：城市地区的关键交通基础设施：使用基于可访问性的网络漏洞分析评估的交通事故的影响

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Incidents (vehicle breakdowns, crashes, roadworks, lane blockages, severe weather, etc.) are believed responsible for about 50 percent of traffic congestion in Australia's major cities, which is a similar situation to that found in cities in many other parts of the developed world. Incident-based congestion is particularly disruptive because of its random occurrence in space and time, which maximises the operational impacts of the congestion on social and economic activities. This paper discusses a method for assessing critical locations--congestion "hot spots"--in urban road networks, and the development and application of diagnostic tools that will allow urban road system managers to anticipate potential vulnerabilities to incident-related congestion and take proactive action to avoid congestion rather than react to it. The expected outcomes are then reduced congestion, delays, and pollution; significantly improved performance from the existing urban road system; and reduced pressure to build more roads. The method involves modelling of travel demand, network topology, capacity and road geometry, the identification and assessment of impacts of traffic incidents at specific locations in a road network, and the use of accessibility impact analysis to assess system-wide effects. Accessibility impact analysis is undertaken using an accessibility framework, which can account for time of day, transport mode and destination choices by individuals, and level of traffic congestion among other factors. A case-study application to a specific (potential) incident in a real-world network indicates that the proposed method is feasible and demonstrates its power in identifying not just total impacts but the distribution of those impacts across a region or community. While current approaches to urban road network planning and management tend to be reactive--finding cures for problems as they arise or addressing locations of recurrent congestion or bad incident record--the vulnerability analysis method described in the paper should lend itself to a proactive approach that can anticipate structural weaknesses and vulnerabilities and help to avoid or at least temper potential adverse effects, rather than to react to them afterwards.
机译：据信，事故（车辆故障，交通事故，道路工程，车道阻塞，恶劣天气等）造成了澳大利亚主要城市约50％的交通拥堵，这与发达地区许多其他城市的情况类似世界。基于事件的拥塞尤其具有破坏性，因为它在时间和空间上随机发生，这使拥塞对社会和经济活动的运营影响最大化。本文讨论了一种评估城市道路网络中关键位置（拥堵“热点”）的方法，以及诊断工具的开发和应用，这些工​​具将使城市道路系统管理人员能够预测与事故相关的拥堵的潜在脆弱性并采取主动行动避免拥塞而不是对其做出反应的行动。预期的结果是减少拥堵，延误和污染;现有城市道路系统的性能大大改善;减轻了修建更多道路的压力。该方法包括对出行需求，网络拓扑结构，通行能力和道路几何形状进行建模，识别和评估交通事故在道路网络中特定位置的影响以及使用可访问性影响分析来评估系统范围的影响。使用可访问性框架进行可访问性影响分析，该框架可考虑一天中的时间，个人的运输方式和目的地选择以及交通拥堵程度等因素。在现实世界网络中对特定（潜在）事件进行案例研究表明，所提出的方法是可行的，并证明了其在识别总体影响以及识别这些影响在区域或社区中的分布方面的能力。尽管当前的城市道路网络规划和管理方法往往是反应性的-寻找问题的解决方法或解决经常性拥堵或不良事件记录的位置-但本文中描述的脆弱性分析方法应有助于采取积极的方法可以预见结构上的弱点和漏洞，并有助于避免或至少减轻潜在的不利影响，而不是事后对其进行反应。

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