The increasing and alarming trend of degradation and deforestation of tropical peat swamp forests may contribute greatly to climate change. Estimates of carbon (C) losses associated with land use change in tropical peatlands are needed. To assess these losses we examined C stocks and peat C fluxes in virgin peat swamp forests and tropical peatlands affected by six common types of land use. Phytomass C loss from the conversion of virgin peat swamp forest to logged forest, fire-damaged forest, mixed croplands and shrublands, rice field, oil palm plantation, and Acacia plantation were calculated using the stock difference method and estimated at 116.9± 39.8, 151.6± 36.0, 204.1± 28.6, 214.9± 28.4, 188.1± 29.8, and 191.7± 28.5 Mg C ha~(-1), respectively. Total C loss from uncontrolled fires ranged from 289.5 68.1 Mg C ha~(-1) in rice fields to 436.2 77.0 Mg C ha~(-1) in virgin peat swamp forest. We assessed the effects of land use change on C stocks in the peat by looking at how the change in vegetation cover altered the main C inputs (litterfall and root mortality) and outputs (heterotrophic respiration, CH_4 flux, fires, and soluble and physical removal) before and after conversion. The difference between the soil input-output balances in the virgin peat swamp forest and in the oil palm plantation gave an estimate of peat C loss of 10.8± 3.5 Mg C ha ~(-1) yr~(-1). Peat C loss from other land use conversions could not be assessed due to lack of data, principally on soil heterotrophic respiration rates. Over 25 years, the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantation represents a total C loss from both biomass and peat of 427.2± 90.7 Mg C ha~(-1) or 17.1± 3.6 Mg C ha ~(-1) yr~(-1). In all situations, peat C loss contributed more than 63% to total C loss, demonstrating the urgent need in terms of the atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to protect tropical virgin peat swamp forests from land use change and fires.
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机译：热带泥炭沼泽森林退化和毁林的加剧趋势令人担忧，这可能极大地促进了气候变化。需要估算与热带泥炭地土地利用变化相关的碳（C）损失。为了评估这些损失，我们检查了受6种常见土地利用类型影响的原始泥炭沼泽森林和热带泥炭地中的C储量和泥炭C通量。原始泥炭沼泽森林转化为伐木森林，火灾森林，混耕地和灌木丛，稻田，油棕人工林和金合欢人工林的植物P损失量估计为116.9±39.8、151.6 Mg C ha〜（-1）分别为±36.0、204.1±28.6、214.9±28.4、188.1±29.8和191.7±28.5。不受控制的火灾造成的总碳损失在稻田中为289.5 68.1 Mg C ha〜（-1），在原始泥炭沼泽森林中为436.2 77.0 Mg C ha〜（-1）。我们通过研究植被覆盖的变化如何改变了主要碳输入（凋落物和根系死亡率）和输出（异养呼吸，CH_4通量，火灾以及可溶性和物理去除）来评估土地利用变化对泥炭中碳储量的影响。 ）转换前后。在原始泥炭沼泽森林和油棕种植园中，土壤投入-产出平衡之间的差异得出的泥炭C损失估计为10.8±3.5 Mg C ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1）。由于缺乏数据，主要是关于土壤异养呼吸速率的数据，无法评估其他土地利用转化造成的泥炭C损失。在过去的25年中，热带原始泥炭沼泽森林向油棕人工林的转化代表了生物量和泥炭的总C损失为427.2±90.7 Mg C ha〜（-1）或17.1±3.6 Mg C ha〜（-1） yr〜（-1）。在所有情况下，泥炭C的损失占总C损失的63％以上，这表明在大气温室气体负荷方面迫切需要保护热带原生泥炭沼泽森林免受土地用途变化和火灾的影响。
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