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首页> 外文期刊>Global Biogeochemical Cycles >Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll western North Pacific subtropical gyre: Satellite evidence and laboratory study
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Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll western North Pacific subtropical gyre: Satellite evidence and laboratory study

机译：低营养低叶绿素西北太平洋亚热带回旋带中火山灰的施肥潜力：卫星证据和实验室研究

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In the western North Pacific subtropical ocean, the Anatahan volcano of the Mariana Islands erupted on 10 May 2003 for the first time in recorded history. Based on nine different types of remote sensing data provided by NASA, laboratory experiment of the Anatahan samples, and a 3-D ocean circulation model developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the postvolcanic ocean biogeochemical response to the Anatahan eruption was explored. It was observed that soon after the eruption, the aerosol optical depth abruptly increased from the pre-eruption loading of ～0.1 to ～2. In the week following the eruption, a "bloom-like" patch was observed by NASA's Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color sensor. Based on the chlorophyll a, fluorescence line height (FLH), at-sensor total radiance, and normalized water-leaving radiance data obtained by MODIS, the cause of the bloom-like patch was diagnosed. The results suggest that the patch was most likely a mixture of suspended volcanic particles and a phytoplankton bloom. FLH was found to be ～9-17 × 10~(-3) mW cm~(-2) m ~(-1) sr~(-1) in the patch and ～3-5 × 10~(-3) mW cm~(-2) m~(-1) sr~(-1) in the ambient water, indicating that a 2-5-fold increase in biological activity occurred during the week following the eruption. Satellite altimetry indicated that the bloom took place in the presence of downwelling and was not a result of upwelled nutrients in this oligotrophic ocean. Analysis of satellite ocean color spectra of the bloom region found similar spectra as the reference Trichodesmium spectra. Laboratory experiments further substantiate the satellite observations which show elevated concentrations of limiting nutrients provided by the Anatahan samples, and the averaged soluble nitrate, phosphate, and Fe were 42, 3.1, and 2.0 nM, respectively. Though it was not possible to obtain in situ observations of the ocean biogeochemical responses that followed the Anatahan eruption, this study provided evidence based on remote sensing data and laboratory experiment that fertilization of volcanic aerosols occurred following this eruption in one of the most oligotrophic low-nutrient low-chlorophyll ocean deserts on Earth.
机译：在北太平洋西部亚热带海洋中，马里亚纳群岛的阿纳塔罕火山于2003年5月10日有史以来第一次爆发。根据美国国家航空航天局（NASA）提供的九种不同类型的遥感数据，安那塔汗样本的实验室实验以及美国海军研究实验室开发的3-D海洋环流模型，探讨了火山后海洋生物地球化学对安那塔罕喷发的响应。观察到，喷发后不久，气溶胶的光学深度从喷发前的〜0.1增加到〜2。火山喷发后的一周，NASA的Aqua中等分辨率成像光谱辐射计（MODIS）海洋颜色传感器观察到了“类似花粉”的斑点。根据通过MODIS获得的叶绿素a，荧光线高度（FLH），传感器处的总辐射率和归一化的放水辐射率数据，诊断出了花样斑块的原因。结果表明，该斑块很可能是悬浮的火山颗粒和浮游植物水华的混合物。发现贴片中的FLH为〜9-17×10〜（-3）mW cm〜（-2）m〜（-1）sr〜（-1），〜3-5×10〜（-3）在环境水中，mW cm〜（-2）m〜（-1）sr〜（-1），表明在喷发后的一周内生物活性增加了2-5倍。卫星测高仪指出，水华发生在下涌的地方，而不是该贫营养海洋中养分上升的结果。分析开花区域的卫星海洋彩色光谱后，发现与参考Trichodesmium光谱相似的光谱。实验室实验进一步证实了卫星观测结果，该观测结果表明Anatahan样品提供的极限营养素浓度升高，平均可溶性硝酸盐，磷酸盐和Fe分别为42、3.1和2.0 nM。尽管无法获得对Anatahan喷发之后海洋生物地球化学反应的原位观察，但这项研究提供了基于遥感数据和实验室实验的证据，表明在这种喷发之后，火山气溶胶的施肥发生在最贫营养的低海拔地区之一。营养丰富的地球上低叶绿素的海洋沙漠。

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