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Pleistocene to Recent scleractinian deep-water corals and coral facies in the Eastern Mediterranean

机译：更新世至东地中海最近的刀盘藻深水珊瑚和珊瑚相

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摘要

Recent investigations of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea carried out during the GECO cruise with RV Urania provided a substantial number of new cold-water coral (CWC) records, including branching and solitary scleractinian species. These new sites are located along steep escarpments and on topographic highs along the margins of Crete, Karpathos, and Rhodes. The majority of the corals represent fossil occurrences, predominantly Late Pleistocene assemblages. Our research documents that the Eastern Mediterranean Basin has been colonized by CWC at favorable times during the Last Glacial, in particular during the Younger Dryas. Schizocyathus Wssilis is reported for the Wrst time for the Mediterranean, while the Wnding of Ceratotrochus magnaghii represents the Wrst record for the Eastern Mediterranean. Various coral facies occur on the southerly island slopes of Crete, Karpathos, and Rhodes, including hardgrounds and loose skeletal sediments. Hardgrounds occur on steep topographies between ca. 500 and 1,700 m, and can conveniently be subdivided as (1) Neopycnodonte-Desmophyllum framestone, (2) Desmophyllum-Caryophyllia framestone, (3) Madrepora-Lophelia rudstone, (4) Pelagic mudstone and wackestone, and (5) Siliciclasticcarbonate conglomerate and breccia. Unconsolidated skeletal sediments containing corals mainly occur on gentler topographic situations between ca. 140 and 600 m and can be subdivided as: (A) Lophelia-Madrepora rubble, (B) Dendrophyllia rubble, (C) Stenocyathus rubble, (D) Caryophyllia calveri rubble, and (E) Wne-grained sediment with octocoral axes. Many of these facies types are also present in the western part of the Mediterranean and have fossil representatives from the Pleistocene to the Recent. Radiocarbon dating (AMS-~(14)C) reveals Younger Dryas ages between 12.4 and 12.0 ka cal BP for Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata. Desmophyllum dianthus occurs during the Last Glacial Maximum (21.8 ka cal BP) and the Younger Dryas (11.7 ka cal BP), as well as during the Late Holocene and subrecent times (4.4–0.6 ka cal BP). Caryophyllia sarsiae occurs during the Late Glacial (15.5 ka cal BP), while Caryophyllia calveri occurs during the Early Preboreal (10.8 ka cal BP). The ages for the framework-constructing corals L. pertusa and M. oculata are coherent with their temporal predominance during the Younger Dryas in other parts of the Mediterranean.
机译：GECO巡游期间与RV Urania一起对东地中海进行的近期调查提供了大量新的冷水珊瑚（CWC）记录，包括分枝和独生石斑鱼物种。这些新站点位于陡峭的悬崖上，并位于克里特岛，喀尔巴阡山和罗得岛的边缘，地势较高。大部分珊瑚代表化石的发生，主要是晚更新世组合。我们的研究表明，在最后一次冰河时期，特别是在年轻的树蛙时期，CWC在有利的时期对地中海东部地区进行了殖民。据报道，Schizocyathus Wssilis是地中海的最坏时间，而Ceratotrochus magnaghii的Wnding代表了东地中海的最坏记录。克里特岛，喀帕索斯岛和罗得岛的南端岛坡上有各种珊瑚相，包括硬地和松散的骨骼沉积物。坚硬的地面出现在大约1到2毫米之间的陡峭地形上。分别为500和1,700 m，可以方便地细分为（1）新pycnodonte-Desmophyllum框架石，（2）Desmophyllum-Caryophyllia框架石，（3）Madrepora-Lophelia rudstone，（4）上层泥岩和Wackestone，以及（5）硅质碳酸盐砾岩和角砾岩。含有珊瑚的疏松骨骼沉积物主要发生在大约两周之间较缓和的地形情况下。分别为140和600 m，可以细分为：（A）千金子（Lophelia-Madrepora）碎石，（B）树状藻（Dendrophyllia）碎石，（C）角藻（Stenocyathus）碎石，（D）小叶石竹（Caryophyllia calveri）碎石和（E）八角轴的Wne颗粒沉积物。这些相类型中的许多也存在于地中海西部，并且具有从更新世到近代的化石代表。放射性碳测年（AMS-〜（14）C）揭示了百日草和麦草（Madrepora oculata）的年轻树蛙年龄在12.4至12.0 ka cal BP之间。地龙骨石竹发生在最后一次冰期末期（21.8 ka cal BP）和较年轻的树蛙（11.7 ka cal BP），以及晚新世和近新纪（4.4–0.6 ka cal BP）。肉食单胞菌发生在冰川晚期（15.5 ka cal BP），而小食肉单胞菌则发生在bobo早期（10.8 ka cal BP）。在地中海其他地区的年轻树蛙中，构成构架的珊瑚L. pertusa和M. oculata的年龄与它们的时间优势保持一致。

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