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首页> 外文期刊>Best practice & research:Clinical anaesthesiology >Perioperative modifications of respiratory function
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Perioperative modifications of respiratory function

机译：围手术期呼吸功能改变

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Postoperative pulmonary complications contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality, especially after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Clinically relevant pulmonary complications include the exacerbation of underlying chronic lung disease, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory failure with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications include patient-related risk factors (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tobacco smoking and increasing age) as well as procedure-related risk factors (e.g., site of surgery, duration of surgery and general vs. regional anaesthesia). Careful history taking and a thorough physical examination may be the most sensitive ways to identify at-risk patients. Pulmonary function tests are not suitable as a general screen to assess risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Strategies to reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications include smoking cessation, inspiratory muscle training, optimising nutritional status and intra-operative strategies. Postoperative care should include lung expansion manoeuvres and adequate pain control.
机译：术后肺部并发症会大大增加发病率和死亡率，特别是在进行大胸部或腹部手术后。临床相关的肺部并发症包括潜在的慢性肺部疾病加重，支气管痉挛，肺不张，肺炎和长期机械通气引起的呼吸衰竭。术后肺部并发症的危险因素包括与患者相关的危险因素（例如，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），吸烟和年龄增长）以及与手术相关的危险因素（例如，手术部位，手术时间和一般与区域麻醉）。仔细记录病史和进行彻底的身体检查可能是识别高危患者的最敏感方法。肺功能检查不适合作为评估术后肺部并发症风险的常规筛查方法。降低术后肺部并发症风险的策略包括戒烟，吸气肌肉训练，优化营养状况和术中策略。术后护理应包括肺扩张操作和适当的疼痛控制。

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