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Pancreatic progenitors: The shortest route to restore islet cell mass

机译：胰腺祖细胞：恢复胰岛细胞量的最短途径

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摘要

The regenerative process of the pancreas is of interest because the main pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is an inadequate number of insulin-producing β-cells. The functional mass of β-cells is decreased in most forms of diabetes, so replacing missing β-cells or triggering their regeneration may allow for improved diabetes treatment. Therefore, expansion of the β-cell mass from endogenous sources, either in vivo or in vitro, represents an area of increasing interest. The mechanism of islet regeneration remains poorly understood, but the identification of islet progenitor sources is critical for understanding β-cell regeneration. One potential source is the islet proper, via the de-differentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of facultative progenitors residing within the islet. The new pancreatic islets derived from progenitor cells present within the ducts have been reported, but the existence and identity of the progenitor cells have been debated. In this mini-review, we focus primarily on pancreatic progenitors, which are islet progenitors capable of differentiating into insulin producing cells. We also emphasize the importance of pancreatic progenitors as a target for stem cell therapy for diabetes.
机译：胰腺的再生过程是令人关注的，因为糖尿病的主要发病机制是产生胰岛素的β细胞数量不足。在大多数形式的糖尿病中，β细胞的功能质量会下降，因此，更换缺失的β细胞或触发其再生可能会改善糖尿病的治疗。因此，体内或体外来自内源性来源的β细胞团的扩增代表了日益增长的兴趣。胰岛再生的机制仍知之甚少，但鉴定胰岛祖细胞的来源对于了解β细胞再生至关重要。一种潜在的来源是胰岛固有的，这是通过胰岛内兼性祖细胞的去分化，增殖和再分化来实现的。已经报道了来自存在于导管中的祖细胞的新的胰岛，但是已经讨论了祖细胞的存在和身份。在本篇综述中，我们主要关注胰腺祖细胞，它们是能够分化为胰岛素产生细胞的胰岛祖细胞。我们还强调了胰腺祖细胞作为糖尿病干细胞治疗靶标的重要性。

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